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Pirates 'firmly second best' in Doncaster thrashing
Cornish Pirates joint-head coach Gavin Cattle says his side were "firmly second best" as they lost 44-12 at Doncaster in the Champ.
La. Art and Science Museum to celebrate Black History Month
The Louisiana Art and Science Museum will celebrate Black History Month with special events and a new exhibit.
Book Review: “Do Aliens Speak Physics?” asks whether science is truly universal or shaped by the limits of human experience
Andy Warner and Daniel Whiteson have created a witty, illustrated inquiry into what the search …
NOCO Healthcare’s Greeley Primary Care Redefines Community-Focused Medicine
Women-Owned, Locally Operated Practice Earns Over 330 Five-Star Reviews While Expanding Patient-Centered Services NOCO Healthcare’s Greeley Primary Care Redefines Community-Focused Medicine Women-Owned, Locally Operated Practice Earns Over 330 Five-Star Reviews While Expanding Patient-Centered Services Greeley, CO , Jan. 31, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- NOCO Healthcare is reshaping how patients experience medical care in Northern Colorado through its fast-growing Greeley Primary Care practice, known
CVS Health Faces Antitrust Scrutiny As Valuation Flags Undervaluation Risk
U.S. House Judiciary Committee alleges CVS Health restricted independent pharmacies from using competing digital pharmacy hubs. The investigation cites cease and desist letters and network rule changes as potential antitrust issues. CVS Health disputes the findings and says some policies have been revised. For investors watching CVS Health (NYSE:CVS), the focus is shifting to regulatory risk around how its pharmacy network operates. The company’s shares closed at $74.52, with a return of...
Gaming Stocks Plunge As Google AI Clones 60 Seconds Of ‘Fortnite’
Google Genie 3 has caused market fears that big video games are going to start being easily generated by AI. That is not even close to the case.
Businesses fear blowback from Saudi-UAE rift
Emirates workers have had visas to the kingdom rejected since tensions erupted between the Gulf powerhouses
Will corporate America finally stand up to the Trump administration?
The brutal handling of immigration raids and the killing of Alex Pretti have tested the reticence of the corporate class
From a recalibration in Minnesota to an Epstein files release: Inside the Trump administration’s chaotic week
For a brief moment following the fatal shooting of Alex Pretti, President Donald Trump appeared to recalibrate.
PENN Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:PENN) Receives Consensus Recommendation of "Hold" from Brokerages
PENN Entertainment, Inc. (NASDAQ:PENN - Get Free Report) has received an average rating of "Hold" from the eighteen analysts that are covering the firm, MarketBeat reports. Two research analysts have rated the stock with a sell rating, six have given a hold rating and ten have given a buy rating to
Atlanta's 500 Most Powerful Leaders in 2026: Arts, Sports, & Entertainment
These are Atlanta's 500 most powerful leaders. We spent months consulting experts and sorting through nominations to get a list of the city's most influential people—from artists to chefs to philanthropists to sports coaches and corporate CEOs. In this section, we focus on arts, film, music, entertainment, and sports.
Another government shutdown looms -- what you need to know : The NPR Politics Podcast
After immigration officials killed two people in Minneapolis this month, congressional Democrats demanded funding for immigration action be separated from other government funding. That's leading to a potential, partial, government shutdown. We unpack the latest from Capitol Hill.Then, why did the FBI raid Fulton County, Ga.'s election center this week, and what does it have to do with President Trump's continued false claims that the 2020 presidential election was stolen?And, we bid a fond farewell to one of our podcast stalwarts.This episode: senior White House correspondent Tamara Keith, congressional reporter Sam Gringlas, immigration policy correspondent Ximena Bustillo, political reporter Stephen Fowler, senior political editor & correspondent Domenico Montanaro, and political correspondent Sarah McCammon.This podcast was produced and edited by Casey Morell & Bria Suggs.Our executive producer is Muthoni Muturi.Listen to every episode of the NPR Politics Podcast sponsor-free, unlock access to bonus episodes with more from the NPR Politics team, and support public media when you sign up for The NPR Politics Podcast+ at plus.npr.org/politics.
ECU Health North Hospital celebrates first graduating class of new CNA I program
Program invests in local talent, grows workforce pipeline for rural health care
Smoke BBQ + Skybar owner faces allegations he 'looted' bankrupt business
The allegations, which San Antonio restaurateur Adrian Martinez denies, were leveled by WellMed Medical Management Inc.'s former president.
Jordyn Bugg Nominated for Seattle Sports Commission Sports Star of the Year, Women's Sports
Seattle Reign FC defender Jordyn Bugg has been nominated for Seattle Sports Commission’s Sports Star of the Year award, in the Women’s Sports category. This award acknowledges and celebrates the vast array of powerful athletes throughout women's sports in the state of Washington. Bugg is up for the
Israel accepts Gaza death toll compiled by health authorities is broadly accurate
Israeli military’s abrupt U-turn in accepting official figures comes after years of attacking data as ‘Hamas propaganda’
Oregon politician decries doxxing after stranger shows up at her home
“I am sad and frustrated that this has to be stated,” state Rep. Dacia Grayber wrote.
'Cool' science experiments to try in the snow, frigid temperatures
Action News reporter Corey Davis put on his science hat to test some interesting experiments that demonstrate the power of freezing temperatures.
HEINEKEN completes acquisition of FIFCO’s beverage and retail businesses
It's Official! Heineken & Imperial - It's Official Shaping what's next Heineken & Imperial - shaping what's next HEINEKEN completes acquisition of FIFCO’s beverage and retail businesses The closing of the landmark transaction reinforces HEINEKEN’s strategic position in Central America and unlocks significant new growth opportunities. Amsterdam, January 30th, 2026, Heineken N.V. (HEINEKEN) today announced the completion of its acquisition of FIFCO’s beverage and retail businesses, following the r
‘Innovating weather science’: Met Office launches new two-week forecast
Weather service research finds less accurate probability-based predictions are still considered helpful
Apple just completely changed how you buy a new Mac
Each component is treated separately, as if you’re building a machine from scratch.
Sport management practicum gives UMaine students executive-level experience
When Colby Winship enrolled in the Sport Management Practicum at the University of Maine, he knew he was entering a course designed to operate like the professional world. After all, practicum experiences at the Maine Business School are built to move beyond lectures and case studies. This semester, that meant…
'Can't operate business as usual when this is going on': CO businesses participate in nationwide shutdown
Several Colorado businesses are participating in a nationwide shutdown Friday in protest of ICE operations in Minnesota.
California Crypto Billionaires Plan to Spend Tens of Millions on Moderate Candidates
Chris Larsen and Tim Draper, two outspoken Silicon Valley leaders, are planning to spend tens of millions of dollars to elect moderate state lawmakers this year.
NIH announces first strategic plan for disability health research
And other health news from the Morning Rounds newsletter
Fintech lender SoFi profit jumps on strong growth in fee‑based businesses
Consumers are shifting high-cost credit-card balances to fintech lenders to take advantage of low-interest personal loans. SoFi's financial services business, which includes credit card and investing products, saw revenue surge 78% in the quarter ended December 31 to $456.7 million. Fee-based businesses help insulate fintechs from interest-rate swings.
A man died covered in feces in the jail's mental health unit. Nothing changed.
There is a desperate need to invest in mental health care in San Antonio, but officials aren’t on the same page.
All of the Feelings: Emotional Diversity Linked to Health
A growing body of research demonstrates that feeling a wide range of positive emotions in a single day is linked to health and well-being.
901Women and Tiger Women’s Athletics to Celebrate National Girls and Women in Sports Day - University of Memphis Athletics
MEMPHIS, Tenn. – The Memphis Athletic Department and 901Women will celebrate National Girls and Women in Sports Day with its women's programs and staff membe...
Trump nominates Kevin Warsh to succeed Jerome Powell as Federal Reserve chair
The new Federal Reserve chair will step in as the world’s most powerful central bank faces scrutiny over interest rates and rising prices affecting Americans.
DePaul and BIG EAST to Host National Girls and Women in Sports Day Game Presented by Invesco QQQ Feb. 4
The BIG EAST Conference will partner with Invesco QQQ and DePaul to celebrate National Girls and Women in Sports Day on Wednesday, Feb. 4. The DePaul women's...
In one South Carolina county, measles starts to feel like next pandemic
Health experts fear a future where measles outbreaks keep taking over towns with low vaccination rates.
China, Israel continue to collaborate in science and tech despite unrest in Gaza
While Beijing supports Palestine and has a fractious relationship with Tel Aviv’s closest ally, cutting-edge innovations keep them together.
Alabama Athletics Kicks Off National Girls and Women in Sports Celebration with CTF Campaign
TUSCALOOSA, Ala. – The University of Alabama Athletics Department will celebrate the 40 th annual National Girls and Women in Sports Day with a recognition t...
Panama court rules Chinese control of canal ports unconstitutional
Lawsuit was brought before court in 2025 as US threatened to seize control of strategic waterway.
Business frustrated with copper thefts at Oakland freeway overpass
Articles and videos about Business frustrated with copper thefts at Oakland freeway overpass on KTVU FOX 2 San Francisco.
The Pokémon TCG: Mega Evolution—Ascended Heroes Expansion Is Available Now
Celebrate the stars of Scarlet & Violet, and marvel at the potential of returning and newly discovered Mega Evolution Pokémon ex.
Scaling innovations in public health systems: guidance and toolkit
This guidance is a strategic instrument to position governments as drivers of health systems transformation. By embracing the roles, processes and strategies outlined herein, public sector leaders can move beyond short-term initiatives and isolated successes toward lasting, large-scale improvements in health outcomes.
The Observatory and WHO Ukraine reflect on productive partnership and continued collaboration
Why have some health systems coped better than others during the COVID-19 pandemic? Some answers might become clear if we could assess how resilient health systems are in response to crises or shocks, such as the current pandemic and other emergencies, including financial ones, or how well health systems were prepared for such events in the first place. The European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies has just published a new policy brief, “Strengthening health systems resilience”, which includes a framework to help policy-makers understand health system resilience and how to strengthen it. This policy brief highlights the key features of resilience and provides examples of strategies which have been applied in different countries.
Communities unite to address stigma and discrimination affecting people with neglected tropical diseases
Marking World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns that millions of people living with NTDs continue to face profound and often unseen suffering due to discrimination, social stigma and untreated mental health conditions. Under the rallying theme "Unite. Act. Eliminate.", WHO and partners urge governments to integrate mental health care into NTD elimination efforts, ensuring that no one is left behind in pain or isolation.
Democrats, White House strike deal that would avert shutdown
The two sides agreed to separate homeland security funding from the rest of the legislation and fund it for two weeks while they debate Democratic demands for curbs on ICE.
Intermountain Health freezes pension plans. What does it mean for employees?
Intermountain has been a holdout in a business sector that has mostly migrated to contribution-based retirement plans
U.S. Department of State and National Football League Sports Diplomacy Partnership - United States Department of State
Today, the U.S. Department of State and the National Football League (NFL) announced a partnership to support and enhance the Department’s sports diplomacy initiatives and to collaborate on major sporting events, including international NFL games, the Super Bowl, and the debut of flag football at the 2028 Summer Games in Los Angeles (LA28). As American […]
Science Community Weighs in on Federal Plans to Accelerate US Innovation
Science groups call for stable funding and streamlined regulations.
Google Project Genie lets you create interactive worlds from a photo or prompt
Project Genie lets you generate new worlds 60 seconds at a time, but only if you pay for AI Ultra.
Honeywell's business and stock are looking good — Cramer has this advice for investors
Honeywell shares jumped on Thursday after the industrial conglomerate capped off 2025 with a strong fourth quarter and moved up its aerospace spinoff.
cbdMD Strengthens Regulatory Science Platform to Support Emerging Regulatory Cannabinoid Evaluation Pathways
cbdMD, Inc. (NYSE American: YCBD), a leading innovator in hemp-derived wellness products, today announced a strategic initiative to integrate and expand its regulatory science, safety, and intellectual property assets to establish a differentiated cannabinoid compliance and evidence platform aligned with evolving federal healthcare evaluation frameworks, including emerging CMS and CMMI innovation initiatives.
ICYMI: Rep. Smucker Questions Health CEOs on Rising Health Care Costs
Rep. Smucker: "You would expect if a marketplace is working properly, that perhaps under consolidation, we would see lower or at least slower growing premiums in highly concentrated markets. But that's just simply not happening today."
Apple Stops Selling $200 'Pro Apps' Bundle With Final Cut Pro and More
Following the launch of Apple Creator Studio this week, Apple has quietly stopped selling its valuable "Pro Apps Bundle for Education" (archived link). "Pro Apps Bundle for Education" included one-time-purchase versions of Apple's Final Cut Pro, Logic Pro, Motion, Compressor, and MainStage apps at a steep discount, with U.S. pricing set at $199.99. Purchasing each of the included apps separately costs $629.95, so the bundle provided more than $400 in savings.
“Entertainment Weekly” reveals Breaking Big honorees for 2026 SCAD TVfest
Sean Kaufman ("For All Mankind"), Michelle Randolph ("Landman"), Amirah J ("High Potential"), and Taylor Dearden ("The Pitt") will speak on a panel moderated by EW's Gerrad Hall.
Melania Trump reveals advice she gives President Trump — and why she doesn’t watch him on TV all day
Melania Trump opens up in rare interview about her private approach to advising President Donald Trump and her selective media appearances strategy.
Hims & Hers Super Bowl Ad To Spotlight The Health-Wealth Gap
Narrated by Common, HIms and Hers' 2026 Super Bowl ad highlights how income disparities shape health outcomes—and position affordability as part of the solution.
San José Mayor Matt Mahan, a Newsom critic and political moderate, is running to become California's next governor
San José Mayor Matt Mahan announced he is running for California governor, joining an already crowded field.
CHOP celebrates placing of final beam for Roberts Children's Health expansion
On Wednesday, the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia lifted the final beam of its new Roberts Children’s Health expansion into place.
Entertainment this week: Ullr Fest, Grateful Shred and more
Friday, January 30 Kilowatt Hours – 9 p.m., Bar of America, 10040 Donner Pass Rd.. Additional dates: 1/30, 1/31. For more information, visit https://www.barofamerica.com/calendar.html or call (530) 587-2626. Manzanita – 7:30-10:30 p.m., Moody’s Bistro, Bar...
Abortion Pill Safety Decisions by FDA Were Science-Based, New JAMA Study Finds — The Monitor
A new study found the FDA’s abortion pill decisions followed scientific evidence, as misleading claims about the drug’s safety continue to shape public understanding. And Google removed some health AI summaries after a Guardian investigation reported that AI-generated summaries contained false and potentially dangerous health information.
AI Real Estate Business Taps $100 Million Private Credit Loan
Propy, a real estate technology company, tapped the private credit market for the first time, securing $100 million to support the startup’s acquisition strategy.
Scientists use AI to crack the code of nature’s most complex patterns 1,000x faster
Order doesn’t always form perfectly—and those imperfections can be surprisingly powerful. In materials like liquid crystals, tiny “defects” emerge when symmetry breaks, shaping everything from cosmic structures to everyday technologies. Now, researchers have developed an AI-powered method that can predict how these defects will form and evolve in milliseconds instead of hours. By learning directly from data, the system accurately maps molecular alignments and complex defect behavior, even in situations where defects merge or split.
Rice Business launches new graduate healthcare certificate program to advance leadership in dynamic industry
Rice’s Jesse H. Jones Graduate School of Business today announced the launch of its Graduate Certificate in Healthcare Management program, a 10-month, credit-bearing professional credential designed for current and aspiring leaders seeking deep expertise in the business of healthcare. Situated at the crossroads of Houston’s renowned Texas Medical Center and global healthcare innovation, the program blends rigorous business fundamentals with healthcare-specific strategy, operations and management.
N-able Ushers in New Era of Business Resilience Fueled by AI
BURLINGTON, Mass., January 29, 2026--N-able, Inc. (NYSE: NABL), a global software company delivering an end-to-end cyber resilience platform, today announced enhanced AI capabilities across its platform to help organizations operate securely, efficiently, and resiliently as AI reshapes both cyberthreats and IT complexity.
Medicare Advantage Insurers Face New Curbs on Overcharges in Trump Plan That Reins in Payments
Proposed Trump administration changes to federal Medicare Advantage payments would stop health insurers from mining patient data for extra medical diagnoses that generate more bills to taxpayers even without treatment.
Why some Northern Ireland pubs are 'getting it tight' over rates
Hotels have overall had an 84% rates increase, while pubs have risen by 47% due to an increase in their property valuations..
Throwback Thursday: Notre Dame Fighting Irish Football VS Michigan, 1992
This week’s Throwback Thursday takes us back to one of the most emotionally charged games ever played inside Notre Dame Stadium — the 1992 showdown between Notre Dame and Michigan. I chose this game in honor of Reggie Brooks, whose birthday we just celebrated on January 19th. Reggie’s legacy at Notre Dame extends far beyond […]
China, U.K. vow to build long-term strategic partnership in bid to reset strained ties
U.K. Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer said he hopes to build "more sophisticated" ties with China as the two nations look to revive the bilateral relationships.
Business Coach Arnaud CZ Releases Free Course to Help Corporate Fathers Build Side Income Amid Rising Job Uncertainty
PRAGUE, CZECHIA, Jan. 28, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Arnaud CZ, founder of the $100k Dad system, specializing in corporate-to-entrepreneur transit...
How Trump decided to shift his strategy in Minnesota: From the Politics Desk
Plus, tensions between the U.S. and Iran are ratcheting up again.
Policy Brief: Teen Mental Health and School-Based Services in California
Rates of chronic sadness and suicidal thoughts in teens have been rising in California—and nationwide—since about 2009. Significant gaps exist between the reported need for mental health care and receipt of services. The state has recently invested $8 billion for child and teen mental health, including school-based services.
Brown & Root shifts engineering hub to Metairie
Brown & Root Industrial Services has relocated its engineering and construction operations from Baton Rouge to Three Lakeway Place in Metairie, marking a strategic investment in the Greater Ne… Already an INSIDER? Sign in. Already an INSIDER? Sign in
US Federal Reserve holds interest rates steady despite political pressure
The central bank will maintain rates at 3.5 to 3.75 percent and warned of 'elevated' economic uncertainty.
Fed holds interest rates steady, pausing rate cuts amid economic uncertainty
Federal Reserve policymakers left interest rates unchanged at its January meeting after cutting rates at its three prior meetings amid uncertainty over the labor market and inflation.
Amazon layoffs: Leaked memos explain job cuts amid startup shift
Amazon announced 16,000 corporate layoffs on Wednesday. Executives say it aims to transform into the 'world's largest startup' with a cultural reset.
Accelerating Science: A Blueprint for a Renewed National Quantum Initiative
Sustained U.S. leadership in quantum information science is critical to ensuring that breakthroughs in computing, sensing, networking and materials translate into secure technologies and industries, a skilled domestic workforce and long-term strategic advantage. To secure this future, Congress must act and reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative (NQI).
Paramount+ plans move into short-form video, UGC: internal docs
Paramount executives want to add short-form video and user-generated content to Paramount+, according to leaked emails and presentations.
Black History Celebration to feature special concession offerings, in-arena entertainment
The Sabres will celebrate Black excellence in WNY during their game against the Kings on Jan. 29.
New Doc by Former Colleagues Explores Asian Americans' Growing Political Leadership
Two Asian American professors with ties to York College have collaborated on a timely and engaging new documentary examining the growing political influence of Asian Americans.
KPN Consulting Services Announces Over 20M USD in Business Acquisitions and Launch of Financial Wealth Symposium
CHARLOTTE, NC, UNITED STATES360-Degree Consulting Firm Expands Economic Empowerment Footprint Through Strategic
Internal messages reveal teams, jobs affected in Amazon layoffs
Amazon is laying off 16,000 corporate employees. Internal messages show that many of the affected employees had software engineering roles.
Business Success
Ohio Wesleyan Celebrates Innovation at Second Annual U.S. Entrepreneurship Competition
The Entertainment District Focus Group examining long term future of Berglund Center complex
Its called the Entertainment District Focus Group, a mostly citizen group asked to weigh in on a possible casino at the Berglund Center - just for starters. The Entertainment District Focus Group is centered around the Berglund Center Complex, as the city looks to generate more revenue. Is there sup
Snap is spinning off its AR glasses into a separate business
Snap’s augmented reality glasses business will now be its own entity, with the company establishing Specs Inc. as a wholly-owned subsidiary.
Nervous Allies and Fox News: How Trump Realized He Had a Big Problem in Minneapolis
President Trump often blusters his way through a crisis, refusing to back down. Minneapolis tested the limits of that strategy.
Amazon cuts about 16,000 corporate jobs in latest round of layoffs
The reductions follow October's layoffs of 14,000 workers
FreshBooks 2025 Ontario Small Business Snapshot: Owners More Reserved Than U.S. Peers, but Most Say Their Businesses Are Stable
Ontario survey data shows lower optimism and higher interest-rate sensitivity than U.S. counterparts, while operating conditions stay steady for most businessesTORONTO, Jan. 28, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Ontario small business owners are entering 2026 with a more reserved outlook than their U.S. counterparts, reflected in lower economic optimism, softer financial sentiment, and greater sensitivity to interest rates, according to a new Ontario snapshot from FreshBooks’ 2025 State of Small Business
Companies rush to refinance amid increased policy uncertainty
The activity may be a signal of corporate borrowers losing confidence.
National Institutes of Health Need Agencywide Strategy to Prioritize and Fund Pediatric Research, Says New Report
Childhood health is foundational to lifelong well-being. A new National Academies report makes recommendations on how NIH and Congress can best support pediatric health research and improve health outcomes through childhood and beyond.
Inside the minds of two US Olympians — and how they achieve greatness
U.S. Olympians Erin Jackson and Alysa Liu demonstrate how different personality traits and cognitive styles can lead to elite athletic success.
Frederick zoning amendment could change rules for home businesses
Frederick business owners who operate out of their homes could have new rules under a zoning amendment being considered by the city's Planning Commission.
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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