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Epstein Impact Hits Everywhere But US Politics
America has been spared the reckoning seen elsewhere despite known ties to the disgraced financier.
At a Glance Gets First Useful Update in Long Time
Pixel’s At a Glance software is getting a couple of fresh tickers, the first we’ve seen in some time. Following the update, Pixel owners who utilize At a Glance will be able to... #AtAGlance #Google
Astonishing Spinosaur Unearthed in The Sahara Is Unlike Any Seen Before
"This find was so sudden and amazing."
Batting Around: Is Shohei Ohtani the greatest MLB player ever?
Ohtani is doing things we've quite literally never seen in baseball. So what's the argument against him?
Sophie Turner and Kit Harington Gagged After Kissing Each Other on Screen While Making Their New Horror Movie
Sophie Turner and Kit Harington can be seen, in a behind-the-scenes clip from their new movie, jokingly retching after sharing an onscreen kiss. 'The Dreadful' stars the two British actors, who formerly played siblings on 'Game of Thrones,' as lovers.
Deer Create Mysterious Ultraviolet Signals That Glow in Forests
It's the first time we've ever seen this.
Finley: MSU sports deal stinks to high heaven
Michigan State University is striking one of the heaviest blows against transparency and accountability this state has ever seen.
Check out activities, deals offered at massive new entertainment center at Portage mall
The neon glow of a 158,186-square-foot arcade and event space can be seen from inside The Crossroads mall, as Zap Zone XL opened to the public over the weekend.
Downtown will receive new entertainment destination in century-old building
This is the latest retail concept to advance in downtown, which has seen an influx of new development over the last several years.
After health rumours, UAE President MBZ seen meeting with US lawmaker
US Senator Graham claims the UAE royal is 'as sharp as I’ve ever seen him' in Abu Dhabi encounter.
125 million-year-old dinosaur with never before seen hollow spikes discovered in China
A 125-million-year-old dinosaur just rewrote what we thought we knew about prehistoric life. Scientists in China have uncovered an exceptionally preserved juvenile iguanodontian with fossilized skin so detailed that individual cells are still visible. Even more astonishing, the plant-eating dinosaur was covered in hollow, porcupine-like spikes—structures never before documented in any dinosaur.
Matters of the Heart: Focusing on Women’s Heart Health in February
Hearts are seen all around this time of year, as symbols of love and friendship. February is also American Heart Month, a reminder to consider all matters of the heart, including women’s heart health and heart disease prevention. Heart disease was...
Kaitlan Collins reacts to Trump’s ‘smile’ remark
During an appearance on “The Late Show with Stephen Colbert,” CNN’s Kaitlan Collins reacted to a moment at the White House when President Donald Trump told her, “I don’t think I’ve ever seen you smile.”
Mystery seed deliveries prompt warning from agriculture officials: ‘This is serious business’
The mysterious packages, first seen in 2020, have resurfaced in Texas, Ohio, and New Mexico, posing potential risks of invasive species.
Northland seen as paradigm of film industry development
A panel at Explore Minnesota's annual tourism conference highlighted the successes Duluth and the Iron Range have had attracting filmmakers and audiences.
Mental health A&E unit 'helps patients be seen within 15 minutes'
Karalyn, a patient, says she prefers the Ladbroke Grove centre as there's more certainty and calm.
Survey: Small business owners show cautious optimism about economic health in 2026
Small business owners are expressing cautious optimism about 2026, with new survey data revealing companies are increasingly investing in equipment and facilities at levels not seen since late 2023.
GoLocalProv | News | Are Administrators the New “Fall Guys” in RI High School Sports Controversies?
Two recent high-profile controversies involving high school athletes at Rhode Island public schools have seen school administrators take the proverbial falls.
Scientists discover the enzyme that lets cancer rapidly rewire its DNA
Researchers have uncovered the enzyme behind chromothripsis, a chaotic chromosome-shattering event seen in about one in four cancers. The enzyme, N4BP2, breaks apart DNA trapped in tiny cellular structures, unleashing a burst of genetic changes that can help tumors rapidly adapt and resist therapy. Blocking the enzyme dramatically reduced this genomic destruction in cancer cells.
Man aims to cross the Atlantic using 3-foot boat smaller than an airline seat in adventure of a lifetime
This man wants to cross the Atlantic from Canada to Ireland in one of the smallest boats the world has ever seen - it's a far cry from luxury superyachts
Who is the suspect in Nancy Guthrie's disappearance? What to know.
Authorities say they are searching for an unidentified person seen in doorbell camera footage. Here's the latest information.
Ego Nwodim draws gasps from 'Jimmy Kimmel Live' audience after admitting she's never seen this classic film
Ego Nwodim faced the wrath of Jimmy Kimmel's live studio audience after admitting that she's never seen a certain classic film: 'I thought this was a safe space!'
‘The place to be’: South Dallas’ Historic Forest Theater eyes rebirth for next generation
For Dallas’ Black community in the late 1950s through the 1960s, the Forest Theater was the place to see and be seen.
Supergiant Star Collapsed into Stellar-Mass Black Hole in Andromeda Galaxy
Using archival data from NASA’s NEOWISE mission along with data from other space and ground-based observatories, astronomers identified the clearest observational record yet of a massive star fading and vanishing into a black hole -- an event once theorized but rarely seen.
Rocky planet discovered in outer orbit challenges planet formation theory
Astronomers have uncovered a distant planetary system that flips a long-standing rule of planet formation on its head. Around the small red dwarf star LHS 1903, scientists expected to find rocky planets close in and gas giants farther out — the same pattern seen in our own Solar System and hundreds of others. And at first, that’s exactly what they saw. But new observations revealed a surprise: the outermost planet appears to be rocky, not gaseous.
Sam Rockwell Stars as a Time-Traveling Hero in Sci-Fi Comedy ‘Good Luck, Have Fun, Don’t Die’
A time-travelling hero (Sam Rockwell) arrives at a diner on a quest to save the world from the excesses of artificial intelligence. He’s seen the future, when machines are in charge and humans are ens...
Penguins Deja Vu — A Similar Script, Two Decades Later
History does repeat itself, and Pittsburgh Penguins fans have seen the scenarios of the 2025-26 season play out before. But […] The post Penguins Deja Vu — A Similar Script, Two Decades Later appeared first on Pittsburgh Hockey Now.
Twin beams blast from a hidden star in stunning Hubble Space Telescope image
A dazzling new Hubble image peels back the layers of the mysterious Egg Nebula, a rare and fleeting phase in a Sun-like star’s death just 1,000 light-years away. Hidden inside a dense cocoon of dust, the dying star blasts twin beams of light through a polar opening, carving glowing lobes and delicate ripples into the surrounding cloud. These striking, symmetrical arcs hint that unseen companion stars may be shaping the spectacle from within.
Mass. fun factory offers Boston-themed laser tag, the biggest pretzel you’ll ever see
Apex in Marlborough is way more than just another entertainment center. I mean, have you seen this pretzel?
Bill Self rejects narratives he's seen on Darryn Peterson's health
Kansas basketball once again had to play without Darryn Peterson on Monday, during a game against Arizona. Here’s what Bill Self said on Thursday.
Gen Z has perfected the glorious art of boredom as entertainment
Streaming isn’t depressing at all. It might be the most hopeful thing I’ve seen in years
Did Bondi Spy on Lawmakers’ Epstein Search History?
At her congressional hearing, the attorney general was seen with a document listing a Democrat’s searches of the DOJ’s Epstein files.
This Comet Stopped Spinning. Then It Started Rotating Backward.
The unusual event, never seen before, might be a way small comets are “blown to bits” in the solar system.
5 takeaways from Pam Bondi’s fiery testimony
Attorney General Pam Bondi’s testimony in front of the House Judiciary Committee on Wednesday was some of the tensest and most combative testimony we’ve seen to date from a Trump Cabinet official.
Dan Ives: software skepticism is 'most disconnected call' he's seen
Dan Ives says Wall Street is underestimating software's role in the AI boom, calling the skepticism "disconnected."
Sen. John Cornyn battles for political life in GOP primary contest with AG Ken Paxton, U.S. Rep. Wesley Hunt
Cornyn is seeking Texas Republicans’ nomination for a fifth term, in a contest that has seen bitter and expensive attacks on all sides. A new poll shows Paxton pulling away from Cornyn, but with no candidate leading by enough to avoid a runoff.
The Leeds sports club that has seen huge growth in girls playing
More girls' football and rugby teams have been created at The Hunslet Club thanks to new 3G pitch.
Authorities search Annie Guthrie's home in the case of missing mom Nancy
Law enforcement agents were seen searching the home of Annie Guthrie, 'Today' anchor Savannah Guthrie's older sister, amid the ongoing investigation into their mother's disappearance.
Man with Mental Health Condition Missing from Valinda is Located
A 63-year-old man with a mental health condition who went missing from Valinda has been located, authorities said Sunday. The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department did not release where or when Walter Joaquin Posada was located. Posada had last been seen at about 4:30 p.m. Friday in the 1100 block of Indian Summer Avenue, according […]
Ex-Celtics Superstar Rooting For Patriots In Super Bowl LX
The New England Patriots have seen plenty of notable people voice their support ahead of Super Bowl LX. Mark Wahlberg and Kenny Chesney made special appearances in the club’s hype video. Kendall Jenner let everyone know who she thought was going to win last week. Tom Brady finally succumbed to the pressure and put out […]
What we know about Nancy Guthrie case a week after she was last seen
Nancy Guthrie, the 84-year-old mother of Savannah Guthrie, was last seen by her family on Jan. 31.
Something supercharged Uranus when Voyager 2 flew past
Voyager 2’s flyby of Uranus in 1986 recorded radiation levels so extreme they baffled scientists for nearly 40 years. New research suggests the spacecraft caught Uranus during a rare solar wind event that flooded the planet’s radiation belts with extra energy. Similar storms have been seen near Earth, where they dramatically boost radiation levels. The discovery reshapes how scientists think about Uranus—and why it deserves another visit.
How bitcoin's crash battered Michael Saylor's Strategy, in 3 charts
Strategy, Michael Saylor's iconic bitcoin treasury, has seen its stock plunge and its cost basis for its bitcoin trove soar amid the token's bear market.
Breakthrough: Scientists Created a 'Universal' Kidney To Match Any Blood Type
"The first time we've seen this play out in a human model."
‘Behind the Blue’: Lindsay Ragsdale on growing pediatric health care and supporting Project ADAM
In this episode of “Behind the Blue,” Lindsay Ragsdale, chief medical officer of Golisano Children’s at UK, discusses her career at the university, the role of palliative care, the growth of the children’s hospital and her own son’s experience as a pediatric cardiology patient. As a “Woman of Impact” nominee for the American Heart Association’s current fundraising campaign, she also highlights how AHA helps fund an important initiative overseen by a Golisano team — Project ADAM in Kentucky.
Facing a Democratic Blitz, Susan Collins Scores a Super Bowl Ad in Maine
The ad is part of a multimillion dollar effort by a Republican-aligned group to help Ms. Collins, who is seen as one of the party’s most vulnerable incumbents.
What Catalysts Are Reframing The Narrative For First Business Financial Services (FBIZ)
First Business Financial Services has seen its modeled fair value move from $58.20 to $67.25, with a slightly lower discount rate and more measured revenue growth assumptions sitting alongside a higher view of earnings efficiency. Supportive analysts argue this updated target lines up better with what they view as solid earnings quality and more consistent performance expectations, while more cautious voices see less room for error if those assumptions are not met. As you read on, you will...
Ballad Health: 300+ patients treated after carbon monoxide leak at Milligan University
ELIZABETHTON, Tenn. (WJHL) — Ballad Health said in a Thursday update that its hospitals have seen more than 300 patients related to a carbon monoxide leak at Milligan University. The leak was disco…
International science cooperation must go on, say research leaders
Science leaders in Europe and Canada say international cooperation must go on amid geopolitical turmoil. At the same time, Europe and like-minded countries should continue to enhance and diversify international partnerships, a Science|Business conference hears. Hugh Brady, president of Imperial College London, told delegates that Europe’s response to the current geopolitical climate should be to “diversify in terms of research partnerships and build resilience and scale into our own system.”A first priority should be for the EU to sort out the scope of the upcoming European Competitiveness Fund and ensure that, together with the next iteration of Horizon Europe, it can drive the development and scale up of new technologies. The EU and the countries associated to the Horizon Europe programme represent “the world's most successful research innovation ecosystem,” Brady said. In order to mitigate the negative effects of shifting geopolitics, the EU together with the UK, Switzerland, Canada, South Korea and others should talk about “building resilience” and address their own “regional needs,” he added. Responding to TrumpUnder Donald Trump’s leadership, the US government has slashed science budgets and shut down international research programmes. Nearly 8,000 grants at the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation have been frozen or terminated. Courts have overturned most of these cancellations, but the disruption caused remains significant. While Europe may persuade a few thousand disgruntled scientists to move across the ocean to work on topics that have been de-funded in the US, it’s unclear what should happen next with transatlantic scientific cooperation more broadly.“Now is the time for us to show [US researchers] our support as much as we can,” Brady said.The European Research Council (ERC), the EU’s basic science funder, has seen a surge in applicants from the US. According its latest data, US-based researchers submitted 347 proposals to the last three big funding rounds, up from 158 in the previous set of calls. The European Commission has also launched a €22.5 million pilot call in 2025 for the Marie Skłodowska Curie Actions, the EU’s researcher training scheme. It plans to extend this support with a €51.25 million call in 2027 as part of the Choose Europe initiative, which is intended to make the continent a more attractive place to pursue a career in research. Related articlesData corner: US researchers are choosing EuropeEU-India deal highlights growing alignment on technology policyMeanwhile, in the private non-profit sector, the Volkswagen Foundation is experimenting with a new type of grant that would allow US researchers to split their time between the US and Germany. While these schemes are useful, Europe should not bet on an exodus of scientists from the US. “The idea that we might all see them flocking over to Europe is naïve and counterproductive,” said Maria Leptin, president of the ERC, also speaking at the Science|Business conference on February 5. “We need research in the US to be as healthy as possible. I really admire those who are staying there with a will to fight and an optimism that the world will turn into a better place again,” Leptin said. Preserving dataDespite political disruption, academics have found ways to continue cooperating and sharing research data. Leslie Weir, president of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions and Canada’s national librarian, said the US cuts have raised concerns about research data security, after ideologically sensitive databases were limited or deleted by the Trump administration. But international organisations teamed up to ensure that the data is not lost. “It's interesting to see that researchers and libraries across North America are collaborating to make sure that data at risk is duplicated elsewhere outside [the US],” Weir said.
A tumultuous two decades in Thailand's politics
Thailand has seen two coups, multiple rounds of street protests and court rulings that have brought down five prime ministers in the past two decades, underlining the intractable power struggle between conservatives, reformists and populists in the Southeast Asian country.
Surprise! Hollow Knight - Nintendo Switch 2 Edition Launches Today
Who could have seen that coming?
Uncertainty looms large for Minnesota businesses
While it’s too early to draw firm, data-driven conclusions, no one is going out on a limb by saying the combination of turbulence and uncertainty seen in Minnesota right now will exact an economic price on the state.
If you want to win over Supreme Court justices, quote Antonin Scalia
Justice Antonin Scalia’s sudden death 10 years ago this month reordered the Supreme Court, presidential politics and, as seen at the court today, invigorated the status of the man himself.
Assessing Kraft Heinz (KHC) Valuation As Earnings, Options Activity And Planned Business Split Attract Fresh Attention
Kraft Heinz stock in focus as earnings, options activity and corporate split converge Kraft Heinz (KHC) is drawing fresh attention as its February 11 earnings date approaches. Analysts expect declines in earnings per share and revenue, there is heavier call option activity, and the company has announced a planned sauces and grocery split later this year. See our latest analysis for Kraft Heinz. At a share price of US$24.48, Kraft Heinz has seen short term momentum pick up, with a 7 day share...
Seattle teen reported missing; police say there’s a ‘credible threat to health and safety’
Abrielle Tubbs was last seen on Feb. 2 around 1 p.m. in Seattle, near Garfield High School.
The Milan Cortina Winter Olympics take shape, in photos
The 2026 Winter Olympics in Italy are fast approaching. As the torch relay nears completion, athletes are arriving, with some already making headlines. There are 16 sports in total, including some never before seen, with 116 gold medals to be awarded.
Trump criticizes CNN reporter for 'not smiling' after Epstein question
President Trump told Kaitlan Collins he's never seen her smile after the CNN anchor asked him about the Jeffrey Epstein files.
Interventional cardiologists take on angiography-derived physiology in new expert opinion
ADP offers care teams multiple benefits not seen with traditional wire-based physiologic assessments. A roundtable of 17 expert clinicians discussed the topic at length, and their findings were used to develop a new manuscript published in JSCAI.
This 3D Printer Just Broke My Tests, Because the Future Is Here
I've never seen a 3D printer complete my tests as well as the Bambu Lab H2C.
Dr. Robert Roose: Our chrysalis moment in health care (Viewpoint)
This is our chrysalis moment where transformation is paramount — to be both high-tech and high-touch, grounded in innovation and trust, driven by strategic collaborations in ways we have not seen before.
Atrium Health reports influx of virus patients, urges vaccines and handwashing
Atrium Health warns people of spreading viruses in Georgia. Atrium Health has recently seen an influx of patients with several different viruses.
U.S. Bank Business Shield™ Visa® Card Offers Intro 0% APR for up to 18 Billing Cycles
New business credit card offers rewards and access to Spend Management platform to monitor, track, and control spending U.S. Bank, a leading provider of payment services and solutions, today announced a new business credit card designed to help small business owners navigate fluctuations in finances and resources: the U.S. Bank Business Shield™ Visa® Card . The U.S. Bank Business Shield™ Visa® Card offers small business owners a new solution for navigating expected and unexpected expenses. This new business credit card offers a 0% introductory APR on purchases and balance transfers for 18 billing cycles when applying at any U.S. Bank branch and 12 billing cycles when applying in digital channels – all with no annual fee. Plus, cardholders can enjoy a suite of benefits to help navigate the foreseen - and the unforeseen - needs of their small business. “The Business Shield Visa card is designed to help business owners navigate the unpredictable financial and resource challenges that
Exclusive | Classified Whistleblower Complaint About Tulsi Gabbard Stalls Within Her Agency
Congress hasn’t seen the complaint, which was filed eight months ago with the U.S. intelligence community watchdog’s office.
Japan's top business lobby invites activist fund Elliott for governance talks
Japan's biggest business lobby, Keidanren, has invited activist investor Elliott Investment Management to a private meeting on March 5 to discuss issues of corporate governance, it told member firms in a notice seen by Reuters.
Kennedy Center will halt entertainment operations for two years, Trump says
DC arts venue, which has seen wave of canceled events after Trump’s takeover, will start renovations in July
A parent’s guide to preventing measles infection and what to look for
Measles cases are rising in the U.S., and for many parents, it’s a never-before-seen disease. Here's how to spot the rash, and protect your family against this dangerous infection.
Former Bills safety Jim Leonhard coming to Buffalo as DC
Leonhard hasn’t overseen an NFL defense but is considered a rising defensive mind with ample college coaching success.
Amazon’s layoffs are staggering. We’ve seen this before
Big Tech continues to wrestle with mass layoffs, most recently with Amazon’s announcement of 16,000 job cuts. It’s a trend that started long before the AI race: organizational change brought by the arrival of new technology.
Trump Is All over the Epstein Files. Except, Well, the DOJ Says It’s “Fake.”
So we’re just supposed to believe that millions of newly released documents are completely false?
I Treat Pregnant Moms. I’ve Never Seen So Much Anxiety.
As our government abandons science, pregnant women are increasingly turning to unvetted online resources to soothe their worries.
Pens Points: Winning ways continue
Here are your Pens Points for this Friday morning… Forwards Anthony Mantha and Egor Chinakhov scored in a 31-second span in what was a dominant second period, as the Pittsburgh Penguins breezed by the Chicago Blackhawks 6-2 on Thursday night for their fifth straight victory. [Recap] As seen during the game, the Penguins officially recalled […]
Communities unite to address stigma and discrimination affecting people with neglected tropical diseases
Marking World Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns that millions of people living with NTDs continue to face profound and often unseen suffering due to discrimination, social stigma and untreated mental health conditions. Under the rallying theme "Unite. Act. Eliminate.", WHO and partners urge governments to integrate mental health care into NTD elimination efforts, ensuring that no one is left behind in pain or isolation.
Mavericks put their hope in health as the 1-year anniversary of the Luka Doncic trade approaches
Anthony Davis and Kyrie Irving didn't play in that 118-105 loss to Minnesota — and might not be in a Mavericks uniform on the same night again — while it was a temporary injury absence for four-time NBA champion Klay Thompson and Cooper Flagg, the rookie No. 1 pick who landed in Dallas by crazy luck and is seen as the next face of the franchise after Doncic. Days shy of a year since the Mavs shipped their global superstar to the Los Angeles Lakers for Davis and rocked the core of a team that was just nine months removed from playing in the NBA Finals, Washington's hope for a return to contention rests with those four teammates being healthy alongside him.
Investment and Statecraft: The International Politics of Sovereign Wealth Funds - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
In 1953, Kuwait established the world’s first sovereign wealth fund to invest the country’s oil revenues and generate returns that would reduce its reliance on a single resource. Since then, over 100 separate funds have been created to preserve national wealth and ensure long-term fiscal sustainability. Today, they manage over $10 trillion in global assets. In this discussion with GJIA, political economist Kathryn Lavelle explains the increasingly novel dynamics that surround fund behavior and what the world can come to expect from their growing presence in international financial markets. GJIA: When it comes to the roles sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) play in global markets and politics, what would you say makes them unique? Kathryn Lavelle: Sovereign wealth funds (SWFs) operate on behalf of governments as investors. That in itself is a strange relationship. Within them, a core contest takes place between the state’s interests (or sovereign) part of the dynamic, and the money interests (or wealth) part of it, and these two aspects are frequently in contradiction, serving fundamentally different goals. SWFs are also quite fascinating because when you talk to the people who manage these funds, they have an interest in convincing you that the decisions are made almost exclusively on a financial basis—they really will go to great lengths to differentiate their government owners and those who make the management decisions. At the same time, these people ultimately answer to someone in power. Therefore, for most SWFs, it remains deeply unclear who is actually making the investment decisions and for what purposes. Of course, it is not always clear how other vehicles, such as hedge funds and private equity make the decisions they do, but I think what a lot of people find particularly disconcerting about SWFs is that they seem to act on behalf of people who have a different identity from their own. People who could be trying to manipulate politics and markets in a way that would have a long-term effect on their own populations. Regular investors come and go at will, and they only share an interest in profit as far as most of us understand. However, SWFs have that extra “sovereign” part right behind them that obscures their true interest. GJIA: These funds can be found in countries all across the globe, in both authoritarian states and democracies. Would you say SWFs differ in their goals and structures between regime-type? KL: It is not necessarily regime type that makes the goals and structures of SWFs different. It has to do with their economies. Let’s look at a country like China. There’s going to be a debate about exactly how to characterize the regime, but it is a country with many different kinds of sovereign wealth funds, and a particularly opaque state connection to each. At one time, some of the state-owned Chinese oil companies created specialized investment vehicles listed outside Chinese markets that excluded parts of the firms that were more associated with human rights violations. At the same time, the China Investment Corporation (CIC)—China’s largest SWF—draws a lot of concern, not necessarily because of its investment activities, but because of the dynamics of global politics. So, I wouldn’t really tie differences to regime types themselves in a wholesale way, but rather to how such funds are perceived and how they are structured. Saudi Arabia’s SWF is getting all kinds of attention for its involvement in Hollywood, and this takes me right back to when I was a student in the 1980s, when people were concerned about Japanese investment entities buying assets in Hollywood. They aren’t quite the same in financial terms, but it’s the same kind of concern about foreign investment that drives people to be suspicious, and the whole idea that “foreigners are influencing Hollywood.” This holds true across industries, and it reflects where politics are in places like the United States right now. One metric we can try to look at is transparency, where all the funds will tell you, “we are transparent.” The problem you’ll keep running into with this approach is how you value things. When trying to do comparative studies of equity markets, you’ll find that every country doesn’t use Generally Accepted Accounting Principles like we do in the United States. A fund may appear opaque politically and not want people to show what they’re invested in or what their intent with that investment is, but they could also just not be able to report it because of the way it was purchased, or the kinds of shares they purchased. There are some assets out there that really are difficult to put a monetary value on. GJIA: To what extent do domestic politics shape SWF behavior in both the investing “home” country and the recipient “host” country? KL: This depends on the type of fund present and also on the extent to which voters’ political views are able to influence the fund. For example, in a democratic home state like Norway, the SWF doesn’t invest in nuclear weapons or tobacco because of social concerns, but there is a continuing debate over whether it should invest in oil, even though that’s where most of the money comes from. The degree to which Norway will continue to make those investments, and whether they contradict the government’s overall climate goals, is an open question in Norwegian politics. Because of the way the fund’s governance is structured, it may not be easy to resolve. On the other hand, some people consider pension funds, like the State Teachers Retirement System (STRS) in Ohio, to be quasi-SWF. They have a very strict separation between the people who make up the management division and the fund owners. No teacher or professor would want to invest in things that may harm the future of their students. At the same time, a fund manager might see an opportunity in a diversified multinational corporation that offers a good return, despite it deriving part of its revenue from e-cigarettes. These contests are very apparent. Domestic politics can work in host countries too. A good example is Singapore’s SWF, Temasek, investing in Thailand’s telecommunications sector. If you study political economy, you already know that countries everywhere are uncomfortable with foreign ownership of their telecom sectors because a foreign entity could monitor or manipulate our communications with each other. In the case of Temasek, there was significant pushback from Thai citizens surrounding the deal, which went on to influence national political sentiment toward Singapore as a whole, underscoring the risks some SWFs may face with their investment choices. In this case, fund behavior led to the dissolution of the entire Thai government in 2006 and a subsequent coup d’état. GJIA: To address some of this unease, the Santiago Principles were established in 2009 to ostensibly promote trust and transparency. From your perspective, have these mechanisms actually changed fund behavior? KL: In international relations theory, we always like to have a clear set of norms and best practices—the orientation we want the proverbial ship to be going in. In that regard, the Santiago Principles at least got the discussion going about which direction SWFs should take at a time when people were very skittish about the growing size of these funds. Nobody wanted them to be out there and potentially destabilizing economies, so talks about disclosure, conditions for withdrawal, and the independence of managers were helpful when initiated. The biggest stumbling block was that there wasn’t exactly a good way to measure compliance with the Principles, let alone how to hold funds to them. If you read the Principles, they’re overall quite vague. In general, a fund doesn’t want to reveal how and why they make certain investment decisions because that information is proprietary—a fund makes money off of how and why it makes decisions—so how do you reconcile that with loosely-defined ideas of openness? Some decisions might have a political purpose. The bottom line is that trying to figure out and assign a score to compliance is not easy, and it is therefore the reason why the Santiago Principles never really got off the ground to the point where they could truly direct fund behavior. GJIA: Many emerging markets are looking to build their own SWFs from mineral and oil revenues. Historically, have funds shaped development trajectories in these countries? KL: I think the big story in international emerging markets investment is that the investment is increasingly no longer unidirectional. In the past multinational corporations of primarily Western background were the main form of foreign direct investment in a country. That has changed dramatically, to the point where you have companies from so-called “developing countries” taking over companies in the United States. Therefore, the landscape of international investment has changed, and I think SWFs are certainly a possibility to be the next step in the game. Historically, you didn’t need an entire financial vehicle to reinvest commodity revenues in your country, but as emerging markets get more financially sophisticated, their capacity to operate such funds has increased. SWFs would allow treasuries to move from relying on holding foreign exchange assets like cash or government bonds to having broader financial markets and targeted growth areas, while easing pressure on welfare expenditures. GJIA: With their increasing financial weight, do you see the presence of SWFs being a factor in the political choices leaders will have to make with regard to domestic and foreign policy? KL: It will depend on just how big the funds get. One of the reasons people are already apprehensive is because of their scale, and if certain SWFs in certain countries achieve a large-enough size, the presence will absolutely be cause for concern. The other factor political leaders will have to consider are their objectives. It’s not always clear how to define a SWF, or even where its activity is concentrated, but it is certainly a worry from the perspective of national security of opaque external investment. More than that, I think one of the most interesting questions going forward is whether the United States, the home to the world’s largest financial markets, will develop its own fund, for which the Trump administration announced a plan. There have also been several proposals in Congress. Were it to come into being, it would have tremendous weight. At the same time, one of the hallmarks of U.S. capitalism is a lack of government ownership of shares, so it would not be clear how such a fund would be received in domestic politics, or which direction it would take. Given how politically fragmented the country is, a Democratic administration would likely be concerned about different sectors of the economy, such as healthcare, and want investment there, rather than a Republican administration, which might prefer defense industries. No investment vehicle could thrive under conditions of such instability. Moreover, it remains unclear where the money to fund a theoretical U.S. SWF would come from. It would be a fundamentally different entity depending on whether it is financed with debt, economic surplus, commodities, or the sale of state companies, as in the case of Singapore. If it is debt, or government borrowing of some form, then the fund would have to outperform whatever the cost of that debt is, which is not an easy thing to do. I think our political leaders have enough on their plate. Our system has worked well keeping political and investment functions generally separate. We have seen different forms of business rise and fall, and even the perception of different countries, all of which funds are tied to. Unless a major SWF either starts—like in the case of the United States—or collapses—an issue that concerns the Saudis, I don’t see any political tsunamis on the horizon. . . . Kathryn Lavelle is the Ellen and Dixon Long Professor of World Affairs at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Her research explores the exchange between domestic and international and political institutions with a particular emphasis on political economy and multilateralism. Dr. Lavelle’s first book, The Politics of Equity Finance in Emerging Markets, explored the political circumstances that surround large issues of stock in the developing world. After being granted tenure at Case Western, she was awarded an American Political Science Association Congressional Fellowship and named the William A. Steiger fellow, a designation given to the most promising political scientist in her class of fellows. While in Washington during 2006-2007, she worked on the staff of the House Committee on Financial Services on issues related to domestic and international monetary policy. Dr. Lavelle holds a PhD in political science from Northwestern University; an M.A. in government and foreign affairs from the University of Virginia; and a bachelor’s degree in international economics from Georgetown University. She is a permanent member of the New York Council on Foreign Relations. This transcript has been lightly edited for clarity and length. Interview conducted by Sid Mehrotra. Image Credit: Jason Leung, Unsplash Content Licenses, via Unsplash
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