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PSV’s Ismael Saibari awaiting green light for Bayern Munich move
Bayern Munich have proposed a package of €45m plus €5m in bonuses to PSV for Moroccan attacker Ismael Saibari (25), according to a report by Santi Aouna.Talks continue between the two clubs, with ...
Get to know: '27 kicker commitment Rocco DePrima
Arkansas kicker commitment Rocco DePrima is not hurting for leg strength and has a 67-yard field goal during a workout in January to prove it.
Sacramento businesses prepare for World Cup excitement
Sacramento soccer fans will have no shortage of places to celebrate the World Cup, as local businesses and nonprofits team up to host watch parties, free clinics and community activities tied to the tournament.
Why soccer is great for children's health
Playing soccer provides physical, mental, and social health benefits that can have a lifelong impact on a child.
How Much Should Governments Invest in Sports? Soccer Offers a Test Case.
The growth of soccer in the United States reflects decades of public-sector involvement, raising broader questions about sports-related economic development.
Children’s doctor: Children with scoliosis can lead active, healthy and fulfilling lives
Dr. Taylor Jackson is a dual fellowship-trained pediatric orthopedic spine surgeon at Rady Children’s Health, formerly called CHOC, in Orange County.
Health Sleuths Are Watching for Disease Threats During the World Cup
WASHINGTON (AP) — While millions of soccer fans cheer or groan over World Cup matches spanning North America, health officials will be on high alert for germs. A heat wave may be the most obvious health threat. But infectious diseases can spread in a crowd, and experts are set to scrutinize ...
The Londoner Pub expanding to Arlington, near entertainment district
The Tate family moved to North Texas from England and opened their first pub in Dallas in the early 1990s on Greenville Avenue. They now own The Londoner, which has locations in Addison, Colleyville, and Dallas, showing European soccer. Their newest pub is opening on Collins Street in Arlington, Saturday, June 13. The Dallas location opened in 2022, just days…
The World Cup could be a petri dish for disease. Wastewater could sound the alarm
As millions of soccer fans pack FIFA World Cup venues, public health scientists created a wastewater monitoring network to forecast potential disease threats—from measles to Ebola
It's all kicking off: how much do you know about the science of football?
Kick off the 2026 FIFA World Cup by testing your knowledge of the physics of football
World Cup politics take center stage as sportsbook posts odds on protests, defections and Trump appearances
LOS ANGELES — The FIFA World Cup has always reflected more than just soccer.
The science of sweat: How a UF researcher is helping Brazil prepare for the heat of the World Cup
A UF scientist is using the science of sweat to help athletes perform, recover and stay healthy in extreme heat.
Politics and the pitch
UD political science professor combines academics and hobby as a soccer referee
How one World Cup match shaped Ryan Madden’s life in sports
Inspired by a formative childhood memory, the Mizzou alumnus now helps shape how fans experience soccer in central Texas as the world’s biggest sporting event returns to U.S. soil.
Coca-Cola and Notre Dame bring poverty alleviation efforts to host cities during the FIFA World Cup 2026
When the FIFA World Cup 2026 games kick off this week, bringing global attention to cities across North America, communities from Boston and Miami to Toronto, Dallas and Los Angeles will come together for one of the world’s largest sporting events. In these same cities, the University of Notre Dame’s Urban Poverty and Business Initiative (UPBI), a program aimed at helping underrepresented populations create and grow independent businesses, is working with local partners to strengthen small business ecosystems throughout a total of 59 cities, including a strategic activation in 13 soccer host cities.
From Trump to Messi, Iran to ICE, politics and sport collide at the biggest World Cup in history
The biggest World Cup ever is about to kick off with 48 teams playing 104 matches across the U.S., Mexico and Canada, transforming North America into the center of the soccer world for nearly six weeks.
FIFA World Cup 2026: The science behind perfect football pitches
From sand‑based soils to underground heating, explore the mechanics of playing surfaces for the FIFA World Cup.
watchOS 27 Features Dynamic App Grid, New Gesture Control, and More
Apple today unveiled watchOS 27, featuring a redesigned dynamic app grid, new gesture controls, and a raft of usability and battery improvements. The new dynamic app grid surfaces and rearranges five apps based on context and usage. Users can simply tap the bottom center icon to go to the rest of their apps. A new tap gesture lets users select a widget in the Smart Stack by tapping their index finger and thumb together once, allowing interaction even when the other hand is occupied.
Bay FC and Sutter Health Join SocceristaFest on June 13
Bay FC and Sutter Health will serve as official sponsors of Girls Soccer Network’s SocceristaFest, taking place Saturday, June 13, 2026.
Houston Dynamo FC return to training at Houston Sports Park on Monday, June 15
HOUSTON (June 8, 2026) – In preparation for the resumption of MLS play in late July, Houston Dynamo FC will return to training at Houston Sports Park on Monday, June 15. Training sessions will now begin at 9:30 a.m. CT, and the distribution of weekly training schedules will resume. The
South Florida businesses, airports preparing for influx of World Cup fans
South Florida isn’t just hosting the World Cup, it’s hosting the world’s biggest celebration with soccer, sunshine and South Beach selfies.
New Oregon State building will support five field sports
Oregon State University supporters have made philanthropic commitments totaling $25 million to construct a new facility that will support 150 student-athletes in softball, men’s and women’s soccer, women’s cross country an
Colorado Supreme Court to decide whether out-of-state defendant may be prosecuted for in-state crime
The Colorado Supreme Court recently announced that it will decide whether Douglas County prosecutors had grounds to pursue criminal charges against a woman in New York whose conduct occurred outside of Colorado. Erin Brennan and her children lived in New York, and her ex-husband moved to Colorado after their divorce. In 2022, she proposed a […]
Politics drives some World Cup fans away, sparks questions for others
Every World Cup involves some non-soccer controversy. But this time, joy might be replaced by disappointment.
KTTC and North Star Sports to air Rochester FC matches starting June 10th
KTTC and the Rochester Football Club are partnering together to bring several USL soccer matches to the North Star Sports & Entertainment Network.
GENESIS, U.S. SOCCER FOUNDATION, AND MLS PLAYERS ASSOCIATION SUPPORT YOUTH SPORTS WITH NEW MINI-PITCH IN ILLINOIS
/PRNewswire/ -- Genesis, U.S. Soccer Foundation, and the Major League Soccer Players Association (MLSPA) opened a new mini-pitch at Drexel Elementary School in...
Israel, Ireland, and the uneasy politics of international soccer
“Some people believe football [soccer] is a matter of life and death… I can assure you it is much more important than that.”
Abbott CEO on partnering with Real Madrid and using sports to advance science
Robert B. Ford, Abbott chairman and CEO, and Emilio Butragueño, Real Madrid director of institutional relations, spoke with CNBC's Scott Wapner about how a partnership with one of the world’s leading soccer franchises promotes nutrition and wellness for all.
Holloway and Martillotti Participate in NCAA Career in Sports Forum
Every student spends their four years or more of college trying to figure out what type of career path they want to follow. For men's soccer's Austin Holloway and football's Michael Marillotti they got a first-hand opportunity to see what a potential career in sports could look like as they joined 200 attendees at the NCAA Career in Sports Forum. The four-day event took place from May 27-30 at the NCAA Headquarters in Indianapolis, Indiana.
Alien first contact: how the new rules differ from science fiction
Astronomers should not try to message E.T. before international consultation has occurred.
What North Texas health leaders do isn’t changing for FIFA World Cup, but how they do it is
Soccer fans from around the world will be coming to North Texas this month for the FIFA World Cup. Local health leaders have been preparing for the influx of people for about a year and a half. Hospital and public health officials say what they’re doing hasn’t changed much, but how they do it has.
Health experts to screen US wastewater for disease outbreaks during World Cup
Epidemiologists will be busy this summer sifting through sewage and social media with the goal of keeping soccer fans and the public safe from severe illness during the World Cup, one of the largest and most globally diverse mass gatherings ever anticipated.
The World Cup is a springboard moment, US Soccer CEO says
As the US prepares to co-host the World Cup, US Soccer CEO JT Batson is focused on turning the event into lasting growth for the game in America.
Out-of-contract Devlin expresses 'love' of Hearts
Cammy Devlin has stated "I absolutely love Hearts" as the Australia midfielder continues to ponder whether to extend his stay at Tynecastle. The 28-year-old, who was a late substitute in his country's 1-1 draw with Switzerland in their final pre-World Cup friendly on Sunday, is out of contract after five years with the Scottish Premiership club. Amid reports that Devlin has offers from clubs in Major League Soccer, the Turkish Super Lig and English Championship, he described Hearts as "an amazing football club" in an interview with Football360.
Sports Scoreboard: The Galaxy's Long Game
The LA Galaxy is part of the origins of Major League Soccer and its inaugural season in 1996. About 60,000 fans filled the Rose Bowl for the brand-new
Sports Scoreboard: The Galaxy's Long Game
The LA Galaxy is part of the origins of Major League Soccer and its inaugural season in 1996. About 60,000 fans filled the Rose Bowl for the brand-new
Top Moments: Daily Bruin Sports reviews the highlights of UCLA Athletics' 2025-26 year
The 2025-26 year saw momentous occasion after momentous occasion take place for UCLA Athletics. From championship banners to program records, Westwood saw another year of history being made.
U.S. Investors Target Wrexham-Style Turnaround with Italian Soccer Club
The deal is expected to close this month.
Denmark's Christian Eriksen 'Conscious' After Collapsing On Field Again In Match
Christian Eriksen is conscious after collapsing on the field again while playing for Denmark’s national team according to the country’s soccer federation.
Guardians' Brayan Rocchio: Clouts homer in win
Guardians' Brayan Rocchio: Clouts homer in win
High school sports results for Saturday, June 6, in Appleton and Green Bay
High school tennis and soccer teams were in action.
My son made me a soccer fan. Now, it's World Cup or bust.
I thought I hated sports, but my son made me fall in love with soccer. Now, I'm doing everything I can to get us to the World Cup.
Somerville extends business hours for World Cup
Somerville Extends Business Hours for World Cup; Set to Host SomerCup Soccer Tournament Licensed businesses encouraged to score extra time and extend operating hours June 11 through July 19; Register now for SomerCup community soccer tournament SOMERVILLE—Don’t want to miss a second of the World Cup action? Head to Somerville, where the City is making it easier for local bars, cafés, restaurants, and other establishments to screen matches for the duration of the tournament. While the pros face off on-screen, all are also invited to lace up their cleats and join SomerCup 2026, the City’s first-ever community soccer tournament. “There’s always a hum of energy in the air in Somerville during the World Cup, and with the tournament taking place so close to home, that excitement is only going to grow. We want to make sure our local businesses and community are a part […]
Olympic Sports Catch Up: June 7 Edition
Covering all things Mizzou diamond sports, women’s hoops, gym, track & field, soccer, tennis & golf
Jacobs Entertainment and Reno Apex Soccer hosting their first downtown youth soccer tournament
The tournament is happening on the newly completed fields in Reno's Neon Line District.
'Probably the most visibility the city will receive through sports globally, maybe ever’: Notable quotes from a week of Chattanooga area news
People who had a way with words in the news last week:
Jacobs Entertainment hosts first soccer tournament on new Neon Line District fields
Reno’s first downtown soccer tournament kicked off at 9 a.m. Saturday, June 6, on newly completed fields in the Neon Line District, marking a major step in a br
Jacobs Entertainment and Reno Apex Soccer Club host first downtown soccer tournament
Jacobs Entertainment and Reno Apex Soccer Club are celebrating their first downtown soccer tournament Saturday.
Simone Biles Shares Health Update in Photo, 'Almost Dying Wasn't On My Bingo Card'
Olympic gymnast Simone Biles revealed Saturday that she had a serious health scare this week, though she didn't go into detail on what occurred.
A new indoor sports facility sparks enthusiasm among Seaford council members
NXT Level Sports plans to build a 15,000 square foot building in the city, which will include an indoor soccer field and pickleball courts.
Iran says U.S. has denied visas to key World Cup officials
Iran's soccer federation has accused the United States of "vindictive behavior" after saying that visas were refused for "key managerial and administrative members" of its World Cup team.
7-month-old baby killed after Israeli troops open fire on a car, Palestinian health officials say
The Palestinian health ministry said that a 7-month-old baby was killed after Israeli troops opened fired at his parents’ vehicle in the occupied West Bank, with the bullet striking the boy in the face.
Colombia’s soccer jersey isn’t just about sports. It’s become a symbol of political division
Colombia’s national soccer jersey has become the subject of controversy during the country's bitterly disputed presidential election.
Snake makes way into Mahoning business
A Mahoning Township business was closed and evacuated Saturday afternoon after a 4-foot snake was discovered inside the establishment. The incident occurred around 4 p.m. at Nonna’s Ice Cream along R...
A total solar eclipse will occur this summer. Everything you need to know
A total solar eclipse will occur on August 12, visible in parts of Greenland, Iceland, Spain and Portugal.
Joey D’Urso on the politics stitched into soccer shirts
Ahead of the World Cup, the author of “More Than a Shirt” explains how power, money and history shape what teams wear — from club sponsorships to national kits.
Hosting the World Cup makes US 'really ripe' for diseases, experts worry
The U.S. retreat from the world's public health stage amid disease outbreak has some experts concerned about infectious diseases.
CNN Sports picks its players to watch at this year’s World Cup
With less than a week to go until this year’s World Cup, it’s time to start taking a closer look at those who are set to play.
Meet the debutantes: The Times-Picayune presents the 2026-2027 coterie
The culmination of this special season occurs during the weeks of Carnival – and will conclude in 2027 on Mardi Gras, Feb. 9.
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
HEBRON, West Bank (AP) — Israeli troops killed a seven-month-old Palestinian baby boy after firing at his parents’ vehicle in the occupied West Bank, the Palestinian health ministry said. Sam Fahd …
Arlington business puts the lid on your ensemble
FauxyFurr offers custom-made hats, upcycled fashion and western accessories fit for any occasion.
Israeli forces kill a Palestinian infant in the occupied West Bank, say health officials
HEBRON, West Bank (AP) — Israeli troops killed a seven-month-old Palestinian baby boy after firing at his parents’ vehicle in the occupied West Bank, the Palestinian health ministry said.
Serie A giants pushing to sign backup Real Madrid forward
Brahim Diaz was one of the Real Madrid players who suffered last season as a direct result of the hierarchy that he could not break even through his strong performances.The Moroccan winger did fabulou...
Denver sports nonprofit expands one year after facing possible closure due to funding loss
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris talks 'co-parenting' with ex Ali Krieger: 'I respect her as a mom'
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris says she respects her former partner, Ali Krieger, as a mom to their two young kids.
Palestinian baby killed by Israeli gunfire in occupied West Bank, health ministry says
A seven-month-old Palestinian baby was killed and his parents were wounded by Israeli gunfire in the Tel Rumeida area south of the West Bank city of Hebron on Friday evening, the Palestinian health ministry said.
Palestinian Baby Killed by Israeli Gunfire in Occupied West Bank, Health Ministry Says
June 5 (Reuters) - A seven-month-old Palestinian baby was killed and his parents were wounded by Israeli gunfire in the Tel Rumeida area south of the West Bank city of Hebron on Friday evening, the Palestinian health ministry said. The ministry identified the infant as Sam Fahd Abu Haikal and ...
Buckeye engineers team up with US Soccer to advance recovery science
The Ohio State University is partnering with the U.S. Soccer Federation to push the frontiers of recovery science — the quickly evolving discipline focused on restoring athletes’ readiness between training, competition and injury. Through the university’s Human Performance Collaborative (HPC), the partnership is translating laboratory scie...
World Cup health concerns: Doctors more worried about measles and flu than Ebola
Public health workers have been preparing for months for an onslaught of soccer fans, along with any illnesses they might get.
Family offices bet on sports, from pickleball leagues to smart soccer balls
While AI startups dominate deal-making news, investment firms of the ultra-rich are still keen on sports.
Trump’s pick to lead US intel community did not have a security clearance before he was tapped for the job, sources say
Before he was announced as President Donald Trump’s pick to lead the US intelligence community, Bill Pulte did not have a security clearance granting him access to highly-classified information – meaning he lacked what has long been considered a basic prerequisite for the job he will soon occupy, according to three sources familiar with the matter.
World Cup anticipation reaches the center of the Brazilian rainforest
In the heart of the Brazilian rainforest, residents and shop owners are feeling the World Cup anticipation. As residents decorate Rua 3, a street in downtown Manaus, an open-air party sends the sounds of Brazilian music wafting through the air. Oversized flags representing the 48 qualifying nations in the soccer tournament are painted on the surface of the street, while the same flags, crafted of paper and string, form a canopy overhead.
Businesses face strict World Cup trademark rules. Here are the guidelines
A Fort Worth small business owner faced trademark infringement issues due to a World Cup hashtag. We look at how to avoid such problems.
Soccer star Ashlyn Harris opens up about divorce from former teammate Ali Krieger
World Cup champion Ashlyn Harris explains that her life with Krieger 'just wasn't for me.'
Attacks on Health Care in the occupied Palestinian territory (13-26 May 2026)
Situation Report in English on occupied Palestinian territory about Health, Protection and Human Rights and more; published on 4 Jun 2026 by Insecurity Insight
World Cup 2026: Top 🔟 contenders for the title
With the 2026 World Cup set to take place in the United States, Canada and Mexico, excitement is already building around the biggest sporting occasion on earth.Recent form, squad depth, tournament ped...
Orange County Health says odors may occur as GKN Aerospace chemical tank cleanup continues
San Jose businesses gear up for multi-week World Cup boost
With the World Cup kicking off next week, businesses across San Jose are preparing for a massive influx of soccer fans—and they are hoping the economic benefits will stretch far beyond downtown.
Rabies Makes Its Return to Wyoming - Wyoming Department of Health
As summer approaches and temperatures rise, the Wyoming Department of Health (WDH) is warning residents about wild animals that may carry rabies. The most common carriers of rabies in our state are bats and skunks, but any mammal can be infected with rabies, including humans. The first confirmed case of rabies for 2026 occurred […]
Scientists Say Supermassive Black Holes Could Be Surrounded by Millions of Planets
Scientists have found planet and star formations somewhere that was the last place they thought it could occur.
Leo Messi Awarded the 2026 Princess of Asturias Award for Sports
Inter Miami CF captain Leo Messi has been awarded the 2026 Princess of Asturias Award for Sports, one of the most prestigious international accolades recognizing careers of extraordinary significance and impact on society. Presented annually by the Princess of Asturias Foundation in Spain, the award recognizes individuals and institutions from
Revolutionary Work | From PSG to USA, Revs II sports performance coach Bilal Bejaoui has passion for producing pros
France native has found opportunity to grow in New England
Your business software doesn't know what's happening
Why it occurs and what to do about it.
DC’s Audi Field to host the NWSL Championship once again
The premier championship match in the National Women’s Soccer League will once take place in the nation’s capital.
TV and streaming viewing picks for June 3, 2026: How to watch NBA Finals Game 1
All Times Eastern Australian Rules Football AFL Men’s — Round 13 Adelaide Crows vs. Geelong Cats — Fox Soccer Plus, 5:30 a.m. (Thursday) College Football With the First Pick — CBS Sports Network, 1 p.m. All-Access: Kentucky Spring Football — SEC Network, 8 p.m. College Golf Men’s NCAA Division I Men’s Golf Championship National Championship,…
MM 6.3: Maryland men’s soccer announces 2026 schedule
This is the Maryland Minute, a short story followed by a roundup of Terps-related news.
Why U.S. men’s soccer captain Tim Ream uses Lego sets to manage mental health
Ream has become an advocate for mental health awareness, helping children identify and overcome their struggles.
Colombia's soccer jersey isn't just about sports. It's become a symbol of political division
BOGOTA, Colombia (AP) — Colombia’s national soccer jersey — a symbol of unity and pride as the team heads to the 2026 FIFA World Cup — has become embroiled in the country’s bitterly disputed presidential election, sparking debate over whether the yellow shirt should be used at political rallies.
Fixing in sport: ‘I don’t want to get us killed’ – How suspected cartel money corrupted Australian soccer
The Athletic's eight-month investigation into fixing details the way a group of Australian players were corrupted
Orange County Health says odors may occur as GKN Aerospace chemical tank cleanup continues
Under the oversight of the OC Health Care Agency, South Coast AQMD, and GKN Aerospace, MMA from the tank is scheduled to be pumped out and removed between Thursday and Friday.
Cleveland City Council strengthens penalties for threatening health care workers
Inside Cleveland’s hospitals and on the streets with EMS crews, violence is no longer a rare occurrence.
Los Angeles County health department asks providers to watch for infectious diseases during World Cup
As fans travel to North American cities to watch their favorite soccer teams, they might face seasonal and travel-related infectious risks.
How Science Works
The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.
Why U.S. men's soccer captain Tim Ream uses LEGOs to manage mental health
Ream has become an advocate for mental health awareness, helping children identify and overcome their struggles.
Mastercard appoints Ling Hai CFO, moves Mehra to new business role
Mastercard named Ling Hai as chief financial officer on Tuesday, succeeding Sachin Mehra, who will move into the newly created role of chief business officer as the payments giant reshuffles its senior leadership team.
News | World Cup scouting report: Los Angeles adds soccer to its entertainment culture
Fan zones from Venice Beach to Burbank aim to widen the win