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5 To Watch: The Masters Edition & The Business of the Tournament
Check Out the 5 to Watch Masters Edition Below: This week with “The Sports Professor” Rick Horrow features a special edition with five things to watch at The Masters at Augusta National. Mr. Horrow goes behind the tournament with Amazon.com, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMZN) Video providing two hours of exclusive live coverage before handing it over […] The post 5 To Watch: The Masters Edition & The Business of the Tournament appeared first on CorpGov.
Sue Serino Invites Seniors to Learn Laughter’s Health Benefits
Dutchess County Executive Sue Serino and the County’s Office for the Aging (OFA) invite older adults to enjoy an uplifting and engaging afternoon focused on the health benefits of humor at “Spring Into Happiness: Laughter Edition."
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 10, 2026, puzzle No. 564
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Busy Day of Space Science and Lab Maintenance Greets Station Crew
A packed schedule filled with numerous science objectives and critical lab maintenance tasks greeted the Expedition 74 crew aboard the International Space Station on Thursday. Meanwhile, the orbital residents await the next U.S. cargo mission.
FDA rejects an industry proposal to deregulate some AI devices
In this edition of Health Tech: FDA rejects a proposal to deregulate certain types of AI devices, pharma invests $50 million in DTx, and more.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 9, 2026, puzzle No. 563
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Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for April 9 #563
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
Amazon Pulls Support for Perfectly Fine Older Kindles
In an email to customers, Amazon announced that it would be ending service for Kindle devices older than the 2012 edition. Those devices will lose access to the Kindle Store.
007 First Light Is Getting Its Own Limited Edition DualSense PS5 Controller
The Man with the Golden Pad
Access, AI and an aging population: ‘Business Report’ examines the state of Capital Region health care
Louisiana’s health care industry is contending with a convergence of pressures—an aging population, workforce shortages, access gaps and rapid technological change—and Business Report’s annual Trends in Health Care edition examines how Capital Region providers are responding. Here’s what you’ll find: AI is reshaping how care is delivered across the Capital Region. Area health care organizations […]
The results are in: New Edition tops Rock & Roll Hall of Fame fan vote
They were followed by Phil Collins, P!NK, Shakira, Luther Vandross, INXS, SADE and others.
Are AI scribes actually driving higher health care costs?
In this edition of STAT's AI Prognosis: A closer look at a recent analysis that implied AI scribes are driving up the health care costs, and more.
Week 11 and First Adjournment of the 2026 Session
This edition of Health at the Capitol reviews health policy issues considered by the Kansas Legislature the week of March 23 and actions taken by Gov. Kelly ahead of the veto session.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 8, 2026, puzzle No. 562
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#New40k – Take cover with updated terrain rules
It’s not hiding, it’s tactical! See how rocks and ruins have changed in the new edition.
New MacBook Neo With A19 Pro Chip and 12GB RAM Expected Next Year
Apple is planning to release a new MacBook Neo next year, according to Taiwan-based tech columnist and former Bloomberg reporter Tim Culpan. In the latest edition of his Culpium newsletter today, Culpan said the new MacBook Neo will be equipped with a version of the A19 Pro chip from the iPhone 17 Pro models. This means the next edition of the laptop should have an increased 12GB of RAM, as that is how much unified memory the chip has in the iPhone 17 Pro models.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 7, 2026, puzzle No. 561
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Google just launched a special-edition Pixel, but you probably can't buy it
The phone celebrates a decade of Google Pixel and introduces exclusive wallpapers alongside custom-themed icons.
Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for April 7 #561
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
Mass Effect Legendary Edition Is On Sale For $6
Mass Effect: Legendary Edition is three games for an insane price for the next few days
DitD & Open Post - 4/6/26: First Pitch Edition
New Jersey Devils & Related Hockey Links for 4/6/26
Embark on a science adventure at UW-Madison’s Science Expeditions
The community is invited to try hands-on activities at six Exploration Station hubs, tour research spaces, view Science Spectacular Shows, and attend lectures.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 6, 2026, puzzle No. 560
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AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition Starts Appearing In Retail Stores At Nearly $1000
AMD's Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition CPU is listed for CAD $1,373.99 in Canada and £905.82 in the UK, launching April 22.
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 spotted at retail ahead of April 22 launch, early prices are hopefully just placeholders
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 shows up at retail ahead of April 22 launch The first retail listings for AMD's Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 have started to appear ahead of
Sports Illustrated is attempting a rebound after layoffs
One of the most respected brand names in journalism is now generating revenue through streaming TV, branded events, ticket services, and international editions.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 5, 2026, puzzle No. 559
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Who Could Possibly Want the Worst Job in Trump’s Cabinet?
Welcome to this week’s edition of the Surge.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 4, 2026, puzzle No. 558
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Ghost Of Yotei Devs Used Coins From The Game's Collector's Edition To Test Zeni Hajiki Multiplayer
Sucker Punch also explained how it built an online co-op game within a big single-player RPG
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 3, 2026, puzzle No. 557
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Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for April 3 #557
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
Little Nightmares II Is Getting An 'Enhanced Edition' On Switch 2
2 Little, 2 Nightmarish
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 2, 2026, puzzle No. 556
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Timex's Affordable Titanium GMT Watch Looks More Like a Rolex Explorer II Than Ever
Timex has added some updates to its Rolex-inspired titanium GMT watch, including a new model name and the addition of a bracelet.
Detroit Lions Medical Mock Draft: High-risk edition
Lions mock draft with health concerns
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for April 1, 2026, puzzle No. 555
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Apple Celebrates 50th Anniversary With Employee Gifts, Plans Finale Concert at Apple Park
Apple is providing employees with a special gift in honor of its 50th anniversary, which takes place on Wednesday, April 1. Employees will receive a commemorative t-shirt, enamel pin, and limited-edition poster, all of which have the scribble-style rainbow Apple logo that Apple has been using for its 50th anniversary artwork. An Apple Park sign says that products are "crafted by hand" and are available for employees to pick up until April 30.
OpenEvidence inks deal with major health system
In this edition of STAT Health Tech: New OpenEvidence's partnership, pressure on HHS over health record sharing, and K health has a bot.
Deepwater discoveries: scientists find more than 110 new fish and invertebrate species in the Coral Sea
Brittlestars, sea anemones and a catshark among new-to-science species collected during expedition off the Queensland coast
Xbox and Fanta Team Up for a Special-Edition Collection - With Prizes and In-Game Rewards to be Claimed
To celebrate Xbox’s 25th anniversary, Xbox and Fanta have partnered to launch a delicious special-edition collection of Fanta bottles and cans inspired by iconic Xbox franchises.
Bang & Olufsen adds to its super-high-end, super-exclusive series of limited edition speakers
But only 10 pairs are available
Eurovision Song Contest is expanding with an Asian edition later this year
i e israel-hamas-war music entertainment eurovision-song-contest world-news general-news | Newsradio 1140 WRVA
Eurovision Song Contest is expanding with an Asian edition later this year
i e israel-hamas-war music entertainment eurovision-song-contest world-news general-news | Newsradio 1140 WRVA
Eurovision Song Contest is expanding with an Asian edition later this year
i e israel-hamas-war music entertainment eurovision-song-contest world-news general-news | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
Eurovision, the glitzy contest where music meets politics, is adding an Asian edition
The Eurovision Song Contest Asia will be held in Bangkok on Nov. 14, with 10 countries competing so far.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 31, 2026, puzzle No. 554
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The Insight Series: AI & Digital Health
“The Insight Series: AI & Digital Health” features industry experts answering key questions to help inform policymakers and the public about how AI is shaping the future of care delivery. Our latest edition features Julia Strandberg, Executive Vice President, Chief Business Leader, Connected Care at Philips.
Early 2026 fantasy expert consensus rankings: Dallas Cowboys edition
Heading into the 2026 season, here are the biggest Cowboys bargains based on early fantasy expert consensus rankings
A leaker claims Nintendo is set to release Zelda-themed limited edition Switch 2 to tie in with release
A leaker with an unproven track record, Shpeshal Nick, has stated that Nintendo is planning to release a limited edition The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time Nintendo Switch 2 console to tie in with…
New Zelda Limited Edition Switch 2 Console Rumored to Launch with Ocarina of Time Remake
According to a rumor, Nintendo might be preparing a new Zelda limited edition Switch 2 console to launch alongside the Ocarina of Time remake
Meet the tallest college basketball player in March Madness history
Florida's Olivier Rioux is hard to miss, and made history during the 2026 edition of March Madness.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 30, 2026, puzzle No. 553
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Scientists Stunned: Colossal Eggs Discovered 3,500 Meters Beneath an Active Volcano
Beneath an active seafloor volcano off Vancouver Island, researchers have documented a congregation of giant eggs at roughly 3,500 meters, a discovery that reframes how life can flourish under extreme conditions. The eggs belong to the Pacific white skate, an elusive deep‑sea species adapted to cold, crushing pressure and perpetual darkness. What seemed an unlikely nursery is actually a geothermally warmed refuge, where subtle heat helps embryos survive a marathon incubation. The finding links volcanic energy to a quiet engine of biodiversity, turning a hostile landscape into an incubator. A living volcano, a hidden nursery The seamount long assumed dormant now exhales mineral‑rich, shimmering plumes, proof of hydrothermal life at depth. Expedition cameras swept across black basalt and pale bacterial mats, revealing vents that pulse with warmth. That warmth, though modest by human standards, alters the physics of development for cold‑adapted embryos. In a realm where metabolism creeps, even a few degrees can mean faster growth and higher survival. The volcano is not only active; it is ecologically formative, drafting a blueprint for a thriving oasis. Giant eggs and a skate built for the abyss The Pacific white skate, Bathyraja spinosissima, is built for the abyss: broad wings, armored spines, and a life history that trades speed for endurance. Females lay outsized, rectangular “mermaid’s purses,” often 46–50 centimeters long, packed with rich yolk to fuel years of growth. In the frigid deep, embryos can require around four years to hatch, a timeline that magnifies every energetic advantage. The scale is striking—large eggs, large adults, and a textbook case of deep‑sea gigantism. The volcano’s gentle heat may literally shave months or years from the wait. Why heat matters at the bottom of the sea Hydrothermal circulation delivers low‑level warmth without the turbulence that would scatter fragile egg‑cases. Slightly elevated temperatures accelerate enzyme kinetics, nudging development along while keeping embryos within a safe range. Mineral‑laden fluids likely shape local microbiomes, which, in turn, can influence biofilms on egg surfaces. The environment acts like a slow, steady incubator, countering the deep sea’s tyrannies of cold and scarcity. For a species with long maturation and few offspring, every incremental boost compounds across generations. An ecosystem sculpted by fire and water Seafloor volcanoes create steep environmental gradients, stitching together hot vents, cool eddies, and mineral gardens into mosaic habitats. Microbes harvest chemical energy, seeding food webs that support crustaceans, fishes, and skates. Cameras documented egg‑cases nestled among rocky ledges, near communities nourished by vent‑driven chemistry. These islands of productivity behave like deep‑sea oases, sustaining life far beyond the vent orifice’s flickering light. The nursery’s success underscores how geological forces engineer biological opportunity. “Finding a cradle of life tucked beneath a breathing volcano reminds us that the planet’s harshest places can be profoundly generous.” What the discovery could change The nursery reframes conservation priorities in regions where volcanism quietly underwrites reproduction. Protecting hydrothermal corridors could safeguard entire lifecycles, not just charismatic adults spotted during occasional surveys. It also sharpens questions about how climate‑driven shifts in ocean circulation might influence vent activity, temperature fields, and embryo survival. With methodical mapping, time‑series cameras, and environmental DNA, scientists can track whether nurseries remain stable or drift with geologic rhythms. Key implications include: Enhanced understanding of deep‑sea reproduction at hydrothermal sites. New conservation targets centered on geothermal nurseries. Comparative studies with other volcanic regions, from the Galápagos to rift zones. Biotechnological insights from organisms adapted to long, cold development. Better models of how seafloor heat shapes regional biodiversity. Methods behind the revelation Remotely operated vehicles threaded through chimney fields, gathering video, temperatures, and mineral signatures. High‑definition imagery captured the distinctive, horned egg cases, their edges dusted with fine volcanic silt. Geochemical profiles mapped how heat and chemicals disperse, outlining the “thermal lanes” where eggs most cluster. Combined, these datasets reveal a nursery organized by geothermal topography, with egg‑cases concentrated in pockets of gentle, sustained warmth. A fragile boon in a changing ocean Deep‑sea environments feel remote, yet they intersect with global pressures: mining proposals, cable routes, and shifting oxygen levels. The nursery’s resilience hinges on stable heat flow, intact substrates, and minimal disturbance from noise or sediment. Safeguarding such places is not just about protecting novelty; it preserves a slow, ancient strategy that lets large, long‑lived animals endure in the coldest reaches of the Pacific. Where geology and biology meet, the planet’s deep time still writes living stories. This volcano‑warmed nursery adds a vital chapter to that story, revealing how subtle thermal gifts can tip the scales toward life in the abyss. With each dive, researchers trace the contours of an unseen world, where fire feeds water, and water—against all odds—feeds the future.
Two Olympic Channel films nominated for Sports Emmy Awards 2026 - Watch now for free
Champions of the Golden Valley and Chuskit & Saldon: Frozen Dreams of Ladakh were both shortlisted for the 47th edition of the annual awards, with the winners announced in May.
Beauty Is A $667 Billion Business And Venture Capital Is Finally Paying Attention
As Cosmoprof Worldwide Bologna wraps its 57th edition this week, AI, biotech, and venture capital are converging on a sector that has long outpaced the attention it receives from institutional investors.
Cosmically Curious: Citizen Science & Space Weather
Listen to Cosmically Curious on NHPR's Weekend Edition Sunday at 8:35 a.m. and again on Mondays during Morning Edition at 7:32 a.m. and 9:32 a.m.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 29, 2026, puzzle No. 552
Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 28, 2026, puzzle No. 551
Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.
Friday Night Happy Hour: Draft prep edition
Welcome to the weekend.
Article highlights role of hospitals in advancing women’s health
An article in the current edition of AHA Trustee Insights highlights how health care professionals across America’s hospitals and health systems — physicians, nurses and other caregivers, as well as administrators and trustees — are enhancing the way care is delivered to women, which can lead to a win-win scenario for patients, communities and hospitals.
Science in images: Argentina’s experience in the Wiki Science Competition
The Wiki Science Competition in Argentina In recent years, Argentina has participated in two editions of the Wiki Science Competition (WSC), the international scientific photography competition sta…
AMD's Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition crams 208MB of cache into a single chip
Both of the chip's CPU dies will include 64MB of extra cache stacked beneath.
Super Meat Boy 3D physical editions announced for PS5, Switch 2
Meridiem will release physical editions of Headup-published and Sluggerfly- and Team Meat-developed 3D platformer Super Meat Boy 3D for PlayStation 5 and Switch 2, the distributor announced. They w…
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 27, 2026, puzzle No. 550
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Devil May Cry 5 seemingly coming to Nintendo Switch 2, getting new Devil Hunter Edition
Devil May Cry 5 has apparently been leaked for Nintendo Switch 2 with the console getting a new Devil Hunter Edition.
Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for March 27 #550
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
Expedition 74 Works Health Research and Cargo Operations on Thursday
Expedition 74 Works Health Research and Cargo Operations on Thursday
Did AMD Just Make the Best CPU for Gamers and Creators?
The new Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition chip is supposed to be the best CPU for both worlds.
AMD Unleases Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition, The World’s First CPU With Dual 3D V-Cache: 5.6 GHz, 208 MB Cache, 200W TDP
AMD has officially announced its first dual 3D V-Cache CPU, the Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition, offering a massive 208 MB cache design.
Boehringer, CT Science Center launch STEM lab in Hartford
The Connecticut Science Center and Boehringer Ingelheim have launched a new Innovation Lab aimed at expanding STEM education opportunities.
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition with 208MB of total cache launches April 22nd
AMD Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 now official AMD has confirmed that the Ryzen 9 9950X3D2 Dual Edition will launch on April 22. The date was shared by Jack Huynh, SVP
Data show people racing to chatbots for health advice
In this edition of STAT Health Tech: More people use chatbots for health advice, a health AI startup raises $125 million, and all about deepfaked medical images.
New Ford Mustang EcoBoost TLD Signature Edition Has Amazing Retro Graphics, And Only 550 Will Be Made
The graphics were created by Troy Lee Designs, who has been painting helmets for race car drivers for decades.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 26, 2026, puzzle No. 549
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Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for March 26 #549
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
‘Entertainment Tonight’ and ‘Inside Edition’ Renewed at CBS Media Ventures
CBS Media Ventures also renewed syndicated daytime programs "Hot Bench," "Flip Side" and "The Perfect Line"
‘Entertainment Tonight,’ ‘Inside Edition’ Renewed for 2026-27
The roster also includes the previously renewed ‘Drew Barrymore Show’ and a court show with Adam Levy, Judge Judy’s son.
Science and Operational Prep Work Top Wednesday’s Schedule
Science preparation and procedure reviews topped the schedule aboard the International Space Station on Wednesday. The seven Expedition 74 crew members conducted a variety of tasks to ready for upcoming experiments and to conduct cargo operations.
A 2023 health AI bet that seems to be paying off
In this edition of STAT's AI Prognosis: A chat with Qualified Health co-founder and CEO, Justin Norden, as the company raises $125 million.
How outlawing flavored tobacco saved Massachusetts $70 million in health care costs
GBH's Morning Edition spoke with the state's top public health official about new research on banning flavored tobacco, maternal health, measles and more.
Review: Super Mario Bros. Wonder - Nintendo Switch 2 Edition + Meetup In Bellabel Park - Inessential Bells & Whistles
Now with added Pikmin
Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for March 25 #548
Here's today's Connections: Sports Edition answer and hints for groups. These clues will help you solve The New York Times' popular puzzle game, Connections: Sports Edition, every day.
Sonic Frontiers Definitive Edition rated in Korea
The Game Rating and Administration Committee of Korea has rated the unannounced Sonic Frontiers Definitive Edition.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 25, 2026, puzzle No. 548
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Super Mario Bros. Wonder + Meetup In Bellabel Park Review
Mario Wonder's Switch 2 upgrade adds neat single-player content, but the real draw is the massive array of multiplayer party games.
The NFL's ever-expanding slate is coming for your Wednesdays
In today's edition: Wednesday Night Football, the best division in hockey, ranking MLB's young talent, the world in photos, FGCU flashback, and more.
Buzzy AI doctor startup raises funds, will meet FDA
In this edition of STAT Health Tech: AI doctor startup raises fresh capital, and what Medicare chief Chris Klomp said at STAT Summit.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 24, 2026, puzzle No. 547
Welcome to Connections: Sports Edition Coach — a spot to gather clues and discuss (and share) scores.
Cargo Headed to Station, Week Begins with Science Prep and Maintenance
A cargo spacecraft is in orbit catching up to the International Space Station for a docking tomorrow to deliver food and supplies to the Expedition 74 crew. Aboard the orbital lab, the seven residents kicked off the week with science operations prep, routine maintenance, and getting systems ready for a future spacewalk.
Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 23, 2026, puzzle No. 546
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Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for March 23 #546
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Your Thymus and Your Healthspan
Our thymus gland plays a central role in the development or our immune system, specifically for supporting T cell development (how these cells got their name, maturation and differentiation in the thymus) and discriminating between self and foreign, non-self antigen proteins with production of dendritic cells. As we age, our thymus gland shrinks—the process known as involution—with progressive change from spongy to fatty tissue, with loss of functionality. But this process, with respect to timeline and extent, markedly varies from one person to the next. And to make things even more complicated, our thymus gland anatomy and precise location in the chest also is highly variable. So the famous Frank Netter diagrams from the 1960s (such as at left below) don’t capture the remarkable heterogeneity that a random set of 12 chest CT scans (below at right). What I consider as 2 landmark papers in Nature this week (here and here) used AI to quantify health of the thymus in 2 large cohorts, and then correlate the metric to a broad array of health outcomes. In this edition of Ground Truths, I’m going to cover three questions: (1) How was thymus health determined by AI?; (2) How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? and (3) Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? Subscribe 1. How was thymus health determined by AI? This was accomplished by extensive work developing and validating an AI pipeline for 2 stages, the first for localization and segmentation of the thymus bed, and the second to quantify a digital marker, termed the thymic health score. There’s a lot to this algorithmic development, so I won’t go into all the details, but just provide a rudimentary outline of what was done. The 1st stage used supervised learning with 2 radiologists reviewing 2,461 chest CT scans. That work trained a 3D U-Net model to automatically identify the thymic bed’s 3D cropped region using center of mass coordinates, which reached 99.8% accuracy. The 2nd stage used a foundation model that was pre-trained with SwAV (which stands for Swapping Assignment between multiple Views), a self-supervised model, that generated a high-dimensional thymus representation of 4,096 features. That compares to the radiology reductionist and subjective scoring of 0 to 3 where 0 means the thymus is fully degenerated and fatty, and 3 is considered dense, intact glandular soft tissue. Notably, the self-supervised learning (SSL) performance was superior to supervised (AUC ~0.75 vs 0.55, respectively) reflecting the shallowness of the 0-3 classifier vs SSL’s holistic, self-taught AI. The thymic health score ranged from 0 to 100, with the highest number indexed to fully preserved thymic health. The algorithmic work extended to explainability with both Shapely value distribution, meaning the model was holistic not relying on any “magic” pixel, and occlusion sensitivity, demonstrating the model’s performance was not affected by ribs, sternum, lung tissue, but rather focused on the thymic bed directly. Below are a few saliency maps from the occlusion sensitivity that indicate the thymic bed focus, not affected by neighboring structures, using the jet color scale. Now the AI was ready for processing ~25,000 CT scans, each over 30 MB files, from the 2 large participant cohorts to provide a thymic health score, it did so in less than 14 hours, which is less than 2 seconds per scan! Share 2. How is thymus health linked to key clinical outcomes? The two cohorts were the National Lung Screening Trial, NLST (N=25,031) and the Framingham Heart Study, FHS (N=2,581) each with baseline demographics and long term follow up of >12 years for health outcomes. From the NSLT, you can see below that increased age and body-mass index were correlated to reduced thymic health. And, overall, men had reduced thymic health scores compared with women. There are a lot of graphs in the paper for outcomes, for both the NLST and FHS cohorts. To simplify the major outcomes, below is a composite Figure with striking reduction of all-cause mortality and for the different causes of death. The results were consistent between the 2 cohorts. For example, the cardiovascular mortality hazard ratio average was 0.57 in NLST and 0.38 in FHS (weighted to be 0.53 for the aggregate). The reduction of mortality also extended to digestive diseases and pulmonary disease (data not shown below). Lung cancer incidence was reduced by 36% for high vs low thymic health (Figure below, with a panel -incidence and b panel-mortality, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status). Notably, there was a smoker’s paradox: lower incidence and improved survival for lung cancer in smokers who had a high thymus health score. Smoking was associated with lower thymic scores whereas alcohol was not. Higher thymic health was linked to higher HDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, lower fasting blood glucose, and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Inflammation biomarkers, such as C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, were elevated in the people with lower thymic health scores. In their second paper, the same team looked at the relationship between thymic score and outcomes for 3,476 patients receiving cancer immunotherapy. The non-small cell lung cancer progression-free survival was reduced in patients with low thymic health score. A parallel relationship for survival was seen for other types of cancer including melanoma, breast, and kidney with a 44% lower risk among high thymic scores (Figure). A similar pattern was seen with different immune checkpoint inhibitors. The thymus health score outperformed programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1)and tumor mutation burden (TMB) assay of the tumor and was an independent prognostic marker of progression-free survival. In this dataset, a direct connect with thymus score and adaptive immune function was noted with a correlation before cancer treatment for both T-cell diversity and thymus T-cell production (a metric known as T cell receptor excision circles). Thymus Removal Study There is a highly relevant citation about thymus function before moving onto ways to rejuvenate it. In 2023, a very important study of thymus removal during cardiothoracic surgery was published, with 1146 patients undergoing thymus removal vs 1146 matched controls (mean age 55 years). The adverse outcomes for thymus removal were striking, with a 2.9 higher risk of all-cause mortality and doubling of cancer incidence, 1.5 fold increase in cancer mortality, and 1.5-fold increase in autoimmune diseases. The immune function showed marked compromise after thymus removal, as reflected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells (Figure below) Share Ground Truths 3. Are there ways we can promote a healthy (aka rejuvenate) thymus gland in our later years? In recent months we’ve learned a lot about the process of thymus involution and the pathways by which this may be modulated. Thymus involution is primarily due to loss to thymus epithelial cells (TECs) and there are 2 subtypes with different functions: the cortical, responsible for positive selection of T cells, and the medullary, for negative selection. When adipose tissue infiltrates the thymus, thymic adipocytes are pro-inflammatory, knocking out T-cell output. Likewise, systemic inflammation, or “inflammaging,” from smoking, obesity, and chronic stress promote thymic adipocytes. Now, from preclinical studies, we know about key pathways that account for these processes. Historically, back in 2014, FOXN1 was recognized as a single master transcription factor essential for TEC function, with studies in mice with forced FOXN1 upregulation leading to thymus regeneration. That laid the foundation for potential regrowth of quiescent thymus cells. It took awhile to find pathways to accomplish this goal and to even refute its role as the master regulator. The Liver-Thymus Axis Feng Zhang and his team recently showed that injection of an mRNA vaccine to the liver encoding DLL1, IL-7 and FLT3-L in combination, factors known to support thymopoiesis (Figure), successfully enhanced immune function in aged mice. However, the effect was transient. The FGF21 Story Two reports in 2025 addressed the thymus gland’s production of FGF21, a growth factor (fibroblast growth factor 21) and its control of thymus involution. This growth factor is also produced by the liver, but it doesn’t have impact on the thymus in aged rodent models. In contrast, The liver’s hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been shown to reverse senescent TEC structural changes. Growth hormone stimulates production of insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the liver and the thymus. Two small studies in human participants (TRIIM, for Thymus Regeneration, Immunorestoration, and Insulin Mitigation) of 6 and 50 people, respectively, treated with combined human growth hormone, metformin and DHEA, suggested the potential of slowing epigenetic aging and improving thymus mass and function. But the combination of drugs, small sample, and lack of controls make conclusions murky. Increased thymus FGF21 led to increased CD8 T cells in old mice and extended healthspan and improved physical performance. Building on the previous FOXN1 data, ablation of β-klotho, the obligatory co-receptor for FOXN1, accelerated thymic aging. The benefit to FGF21 was confirmed in a companion paper using an FGF21 knock-in mouse model showing thymus enlargement and increased TECs throughout the lifespan. (schematic Figure below). The accompanying editorial for these 2 papers speculated: “The proposed link between age-associated thymus involution and organismal aging is intriguing, and suggests we might seek to achieve systemic rejuvenation by counteracting thymic involution.” Other Factors Lessons from the Axolotl (Mexican Salamander) In an elegant set of experiments of the axolotl (Figure), known for its complete thymus regeneration after total surgical removal, mediators were identified. Surprisingly FOXN1 was dispensable. But midkine, a growth factor, appeared to be the driver, the initiator of thymus cell growth, survival, and repair. Other components that contributed were Postn+ (periostin-expressing mesenchymal niches) and Ccl19, a chemokine protein from the bloodstream. RANK and RANKL RANK (receptor activator of nuclear factor κB its ligand (RANKL) have been considered key regulators of medullary TECs. In a study of both aged mice and human thymus cell cultures, their key role was confirmed, with multiple benefits of resorting TEC function, recruitment of progenitor cells, and T cell development. Subscribe Summing Up This body of work strongly supports the health of the thymus gland as a critical regulator of human healthspan, not just a correlate or link. The new landmark studies are reinforced by the regenerative biology experimental models that have shown, via an array of mediators, that healthspan of aged mice is at least in part dependent on thymus gland function and its critical role for maintaining adaptive immunity. It sure seems that we’d be better off having an immune reservoir of naive T cells instead of a profile in older adults of exhausted, low quality, memory T cells, with a senescent phenotype. It is striking that we ignored the importance of the thymus gland for many decades. A wake-up call was the results of the thymectomy matched control study reviewed here, with the opposite of high thymic health score improved health outcomes. The convergence of AI and healthspan here is notable. The exceptional and laborious work for developing and validating (no less explaining) the AI to quantify thymus health set the foundation for probing the connect the major health outcomes in two cohorts with extensive follow-up. We’ve never had a way to meaningfully quantify the thymus gland before, so this represents important leverage of supervised, self-supervised, and transformer models. The study wouldn’t have been possible without AI. And it begs the question as to whether there are ways we can maintain our thymus at a high health score. But it’s not so simple to rejuvenate our thymus. There are multiple risks including the induction of autoimmunity, increasing the risk of cancer, and inducing a pro-inflammatory state. For example, factors that increase TEC proliferation could compromise the medulllary negative selection process and leak out auto-reactive (self-attacking) T cells. Thymic cells could be induced to proliferate, but we know, for example, that growth hormone and IGF-1 are associated with an increase risk of cancer. If thymus rejuvenation doesn’t clear out the accumulated senescent cells in older adults, then inflammation within the gland could block the production of TECs. Keeping these risks in mind, we now have identified many ways to keep our thymus healthy as we age that undoubtedly will be tested in clinical trials going forward. Ultimately, the benefit-to-risk tradeoffs will be defined. In the meantime, we have desperately needed an immunome. As I’ve stressed in multiple prior Ground Truths, we have no test in the clinic to assess a patient’s immune status! It was very encouraging for me to get an email from Hugo Aerts, the senior author of the landmark papers in the days after they were published: “I also wanted to say that your Substack on “Why We Need an Immunome” was inspiring for this work. We found it a very compelling perspective and greatly enjoyed reading it.” Just having an assessment of a person’s immune status via a chest CT scan, with millions of these performed per year, might help in guiding the right immunotherapy for cancer (e.g. more intensive, combinations for those with low thymic health scores) and help define people who are increased risk for age-related diseases of cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative. The main theme of Super Agers is that we now have many layers of data (genetics, proteins, biomarkers, organ clocks that can be integrated via multimodal AI) for us to define a person’s specific risk decades before one of these age-related diseases leads to symptoms, enabling prevention. From the new studies this week, we can add thymus health score as yet another way to understand a person’s risk, a window into their adaptive immune system and healthspan. And perhaps someday we will be able to safely rejuvenate the thymus, or maintain its health through one’s life, and use the thymus health score to monitor. NB: I wrote this post (No A.I.) A Quick Poll Loading... ********************************************************************* Thanks to Ground Truths subscribers (now > 200,000) from every US state and 212 countries. Your subscription to these free essays and podcasts makes my work in putting them together worthwhile. Please join! If you found this interesting PLEASE share it! Share Ground Truths Paid subscriptions are voluntary and all proceeds from them go to support Scripps Research. They do allow for posting comments and questions, which I do my best to respond to. Please don’t hesitate to post comments and give me feedback. Let me know topics that you would like to see covered. Leave a comment Many thanks to those who have contributed—they have greatly helped fund our summer internship programs for the past two years. 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Connections: Sports Edition today: Hints and answers for March 22, 2026, puzzle No. 545
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Today's NYT Connections: Sports Edition Hints, Answers for March 22 #545
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