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Impression Entertainment Signs ‘Heated Rivalry’s François Arnaud
'Heated Rivalry's François Arnaud has inked with Impression Entertainment for management, Deadline has learned.
2 Aggies earn Top 100 spots from D1Softball, Softball America
Texas A&M stars Mya Perez and KK Dement earned Top 100 honors from D1Softball and Softball America ahead of the 2026 season.
Middleton family concerned after Wisconsin health systems pause gender-affirming care for minors
On Friday, the family learned that UW Health was stopping prescriptions. She said she is committed to ensuring her son continues receiving care, but questions remain about accessibility.
ECU Health earns system accreditation from the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer
ECU Health is proud to share it has earned system-wide accreditation from the ACS CoC for delivering world-class cancer care across eastern North Carolina.
'Fresh Prince of Bel-Air' House to Hit the Market for Millions
The iconic home made famous by "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air" is about to hit the market for millions ... TMZ has learned.
The Metro: Learned helplessness in politics can be unlearned
Dr. Julia Felton, associate professor of psychology at Wayne State University, unpacked learned helplessness in our society today.
4 Takeaways From the Texans' Win Over the Steelers
The Texans moved onto the Divisional Round with a win over the Steelers. Here's what we learned.
Jeff Ruby restaurant group settles tip, wage lawsuit for $1.5 million
Jeff Ruby Culinary Entertainment is settling a class-action lawsuit from former employees who say they were not paid tips they earned.
5 Takeaways From the Bills' Win Over the Jaguars
Josh Allen put on his cape late to push the Bills forward and end the Jaguars' season. Here's what we learned about both teams.
Three things we learned – Manchester City 10-1 Exeter City
Manchester City crushed Exeter City in the third round of the FA Cup with a club record equalling victory at the Etihad Stadium. The Blues were 4-0 up at the break thanks to Max Alleyne’s first City goal, Rodri’s first goal since coming back from injury and own goals from Exeter defenders Jake Doyle-Hayes and […]
Superyacht broker on 3 surprising things about selling to ultrawealthy
AJ Blackmon, the CEO of Ikonic Yachts, shared three surprising things he's learned about selling superyachts to the ultrawealthy.
2025 NFL All-Pro Teams: Matthew Stafford gets first-team nod at QB over Drake Maye
Stafford earned first-team honors for the first time at 37. Will the MVP follow?
Lessons learned from my failed business that helped me the second time
Michelle Hu, owner of Étoile, shares how learning from her failed beauty tech app led to Étoile's over $9 milion revenue last year.
Williamsburg Blue Pirates get best of rival Juniata Valley Hornets
WILLIAMSBURG — Juniata Valley boasted a very significant individual accomplishment, but Williamsburg earned the overall bragging rights by ruling the Inter-County Conference North Division boys basketball showdown between the two schools Friday night at the Williamsburg High School gymnasium. Juniata Valley senior Jett Rand eclipsed the 1,000-point mark for his career, but the Blue Pirates […]
Everything We Learned About Divinity From Larian's Reddit AMA
Larian’s Reddit AMA on Divinity has concluded, and with it comes a number of new details on the Baldur’s Gate 3 developer’s next game. Here's everything revealed.
7 science-based tips from the Well+Being team for a healthier year
We learned a lot about how to boost our nutrition, fitness and sleep last year. Here are a few things we adopted.
Analysis: What Donald Trump has learned about imposing global power
It took Donald Trump five years behind the Oval Office desk to reach an epiphany that could rock the world.
Miami finally returns to national elite after more than two decades adrift
Mario Cristobal used lessons learned from Jimmy Johnson and Nick Saban to get Miami Hurricanes back to playing for a national championship.
NYPD failed to disclose death connected to Taser
Using Tasers at a record-high rate, the department failed to disclose at least one Taser-related death, NY1 has learned.
Family seeking 2nd autopsy after Chicago business owner dies in ICE custody
The family of a Chicago business owner who died in the custody of Immigration and Customs Enforcement is seeking a second, private autopsy after the circumstances of his death remains a mystery, the ABC7 I-Team has learned.
Trump freezes child care funding for Colorado, 3 other states
Colorado was swept up in a $10 billion federal child care funding freeze announced on Monday by the Trump administration, a move state officials said they learned about through media reports. The Trump administration said it would freeze child care funding for four states, including Colorado, citing reports of widespread fraud at child care centers […]
Liberal Arts Teaches The Business Skills AI Can't Replace
The less directly you prepare for business, the better equipped you may be — because empathy, synthesis, and ethical reasoning can't be learned from a spreadsheet.
Creepy-crawly science that matters
Written by Douglas C. TowneWhen Karen Clark was a child traveling with her grandfather, the late ASU Professor Herbert L. Stahnke, she didn’t realize how unusual their evening routines were.“When we arrived at our destination, we always hunted outside for scorpions that glowed under our black light,” says the retired nurse. “It wasn’t until later that I learned that normal people didn’t do that. But scorpions were my grandfather’s passion.”
UH earns top global rankings in oceanography, atmospheric science
The University of Hawaii at Manoa earned high marks across nearly 20 disciplines in the 2025 Global Ranking of Academic Subjects, with oceanography, atmospheric science and hospitality and tourism management emerging as its highest-ranked programs, according to a news release.
I joined my father in the food business, and we fight every day
Ethan Tan joined his dad in the hawker business and learned how to maintain a father-son relationship outside work — after many fights.
Hochul proposes eliminating state taxes on tips of up to $25,000 a year
Gov. Kathy Hochul said she would include the measure, which affects tips earned in the 2026 tax year, in her fiscal year 2027 budget proposal.
Rama Duwaji, married to Zohran Mamdani, is her own kind of first lady
Rama Duwaji is the spouse of New York Mayor Zohran Mamdani. Similarly to second lady Usha Vance, she has learned to balance public and private life.
What Larry Meiller learned connecting with Wisconsin radio listeners
The longtime host of WPR’s “The Larry Meiller Show” will retire in June 2026 after almost 60 years on the air.
The Houston Rockets Close 2025 With Five Hard Lessons
Houston's 2025 season reveals critical truths: urgency must be earned, defense is foundational, and structure fuels sustainable success.
At 13, Entrepreneur Jack Daly Caddied To Learn Business Secrets
Jack Daly first learned about business on the golf course when he was a teenager—by making the most of his opportunities as a caddy.
Today is Warren Buffett’s last day as Berkshire CEO. Business leaders tell us what they learned from him
Warren Buffett has worn many hats over the years: The stock-picking Oracle of Omaha. An avuncular, Dairy-Queen-eating, Coke-drinking product pitchman. A living symbol of capitalism and its complexities.
Two Bears make the ESPN All-Rookie Team
Luther Burden III and Colston Loveland are receiving some well-earned praise from the sports outlet.
10 things we learned about Neanderthals in 2025
Findings about our extinct relatives, the Neanderthals, continue to surprise us, especially those from 2025.
Steam's 2025 best sellers show indie games competing with AAA hits
The chart ranks games based on revenue earned up until December 1, but Valve will update the list on New Year's Day to include data from December....
Nottingham Forest v Everton: Key stats and talking points
Nottingham Forest ended 2024 by beating Everton away but they have only earned one point from the past five Premier League meetings between the sides at the City Ground. BBC Sport explores some of the talking points for Tuesday's game. Sean Dyche has switched clubs in 2025 but otherwise ends the year the way he began it, in a relegation scrap.
Wild things we learned about Earth in 2025
With findings on Earth’s polar extremes and its innermost core, scientists shaped how we look at the planet in 2025 in surprising and fascinating ways.
4 Takeaways From the Jaguars' Win Over the Colts
Philip Rivers & Co. put up a fight, but the Jaguars won their seventh straight game. Here's what we learned about both teams.
Three things we learned – Nottingham Forest 1-2 Manchester City
A late Rayan Cherki goal helped Manchester City squeak past Nottingham Forest at the City Ground and keep up the pressure at the top of the Premier League table. The French international applied the finishing touch to a well worked set piece routine, thrashing the ball in at the near post with his right foot […]
Sports in 2025: What we learned from a year of growth
As the years go by, the sporting world continues to grow and never was that more apparent than in 2025.
Brigitte Bardot Dies: Iconic French Actress Was 91
In the late '50s and '60s, she earned the nickname 'Sex Kitten,' and was best known for 'And God Created Woman.'
Soak it up: everything science taught us about health and wellness in 2025
Do hot baths improve endurance? Will creatine bolster your brain power? Does pickle juice prevent cramp? Here’s what we learned about living well this year
Soak it up: everything science taught us about health and wellness in 2025
Do hot baths improve endurance? Will creatine bolster your brain power? Does pickle juice prevent cramp? Here’s what we learned about living well this year
4 Takeaways From the Texans' Win Over the Chargers
Houston's win impacted the playoff status of multiple teams while L.A.'s loss further exposed a key weakness. Here's what we learned.
Google founder Sergey Brin tells Stanford engineering students: I made the mistake of thinking I am the next Steve Jobs and can make ... - The Times of India
Tech News News: Google co-founder Sergey Brin recently shared an important tip that he said he learned from one of the company's biggest hardware failures. During a t.
What we have learned about neuroscience in 2025
Researchers studying the human brain shared a lot of fascinating research this year, like how to keep brains young and how to reduce inflammation in joints.
10 things we learned about our human ancestors in 2025
Findings about our human ancestors continue to surprise us, especially those from 2025.
Science history: Marie Curie discovers a strange radioactive substance that would eventually kill her
Scientists in Paris discovered two new substances with incredible radioactivity. It earned them the Nobel Prize in Physics but would ultimately kill one of them.
Loon center welcomes new director of science and conservation
SARANAC LAKE — The Adirondack Center for Loon Conservation announced Monday the appointment of Lizz Schuyler as senior director of science and conservation. A native New Yorker, Schuyler grew up in the Pottersville/Schroon Lake area. She attended State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry for her undergraduate degree and then earned […]
The best everyday health advice we learned from science in 2025
We certainly saw some major health-related breakthroughs in 2025, including a universal cancer vaccine and human trials for the world's first treatment to reverse spinal cord injuries. But the year was also filled with smaller findings that can still have a big impact on your day-to-day health.
5 tips from ‘super agers’ on how to live a healthy life
This year, we learned a lot from people in their 80s, 90s and 100s (and the scientists who study them).
I left Big Law at 29 to become a rabbi, then changed careers again at 40. Here's what I learned about finding the perfect job.
Justin Pines, the CEO of the Jewish Broadcasting Service, initially took a "safe" career path in corporate law, before becoming a rabbi.
ECU football arrives in DMV for Military Bowl
WASHINGTON (DC News Now) — The East Carolina University football team arrived in Washington Tuesday ahead of the Go Bowling Military Bowl. The Pirates are the defending champions of the Military Bowl after beating NC State in the game last season. This year, they’ll look for the same success against Pittsburgh. “We’ve earned the right […]
26 Totally Bonkers Language Facts We Learned In 2025 That Feel Made Up
And now I'm obsessed with the word "napkin"
Christmas Eve is my late wife's birthday. This year, instead of crying, I'll celebrate the good times we had.
My wife Lori's birthday was Christmas Eve. For years, I could only cry — now, I've learned to find peace in her memory and love.
The tough lesson US scientists learned from Trump
A yearlong assault on federal science programs taught researchers they can't always count on Washington to be a reliable partner.
E&E News: The tough lesson US scientists learned from Trump
A yearlong assault on federal science programs taught researchers they can't always count on Washington to be a reliable partner.
Lucas College and Graduate School of Business Ranked in Top 40 Online MBA Programs, No. 1 Among California Public Universities
For the third year in a row, the Lucas College and Graduate School of Business has earned national recognition from Poets&Quants, reaffirming its place among the top online MBA programs in the US for 2026.
Nominate UT Health San Antonio in the 2026 Readers’ Choice Awards - UT Health San Antonio
The YourSA San Antonio Express-News’ Readers’ Choice Awards give the San Antonio community the opportunity to recognize the healthcare organizations they trust most. Thanks to the continued support of patients, faculty, staff and the San Antonio community, UT Health San Antonio has earned top honors in multiple categories in past years, reflecting its commitment […]
Four lessons of science communication
A guided artistic experience helped me identify the core lessons I learned during my journey bridging research and communication.
4 Takeaways From the Patriots' Win Over the Ravens
The Patriots clinched a playoff berth while the Ravens fell into a potentially insurmountable hole. Here's what we learned about both teams.
I drive for Uber and Lyft after retiring from Wall Street. The principles I learned as a trader help me make more money.
Sergio Avedian started his career as a Wall Street trader before becoming a rideshare driver. Now, he makes videos for The Rideshare Guy on YouTube.
Vail Health recognized for commitment to safeguarding the well-being of its nurses
Four years after receiving its initial American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC)’s Pathway to Excellence designation, Vail Health Hospital has earned a redesignation for creating a healthy work environment that empowers and values its more than...
5 things we learned from the latest Epstein files drop
The Justice Department released new documents related to the disgraced financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein on Friday.
I Bought a Used iPhone 13 Mini and Learned a Hard Lesson
Commentary: The iPhone Air intrigued me but I didn't want to spend $1,000. So I got a $353 used iPhone 13 Mini, and found it quite capable despite a major drawback.
Bulgarian Chicago business owner dies in ICE custody, sparking calls for 'immediate investigation'
A Bulgarian man from Chicago arrested during an immigration enforcement 'blitz' has died while in the custody of U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement at a Michigan private prison, the ABC7 I-Team has learned.
Trump uses prime-time speech to blame Biden, immigrants for economy woes : The NPR Politics Podcast
President Trump used his prime-time speech Wednesday night to blame the country’s ongoing economic challenges on the Biden administration. We discuss what we learned from the speech and whether it is likely to sway Americans who don’t already support Trump. This episode: senior White House correspondent Tamara Keith, White House correspondent Danielle Kurtzleben, and senior political editor and correspondent Domenico Montanaro.This podcast was produced by Casey Morell and Bria Suggs, and edited by Rachel Baye.Our executive producer is Muthoni Muturi.Listen to every episode of the NPR Politics Podcast sponsor-free, unlock access to bonus episodes with more from the NPR Politics team, and support public media when you sign up for The NPR Politics Podcast+ at plus.npr.org/politics.
Johnson Wagner leaving Golf Channel for CBS Sports
Golfweek has learned that Wagner is leaving the cable channel to join CBS Sports as an on-course reporter, a role previously filled by Colt Knost.
What I’ve learned by mapping the impacts of NIH cuts
The co-founder of SCIMaP looks at the year of NIH cuts — and what they say about the future of American research.
A new era for sports communication at UNC Hussman | UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media
As director of UNC Hussman’s Sports Communication Focus Program, Distinguished Associate Professor of Sports Communication Livis Freeman is building on the work of the school’s legendary Distinguished Professor for Sports Communication John Sweeney. Sweeney, who retired last year, developed one of the most respected sports communication programs in the country. Freeman, now in his 12th year at the school, is launching an ambitious expansion of the program that is transforming how UNC prepares students for careers in sports media. The most visible change came this fall with a reimagining of “MEJO 377: Sports Communication.” Previously offered as two sections with 30 students each, the course expanded to 96 students and welcomed former UNC basketball star and NBA veteran Tyler Hansbrough as the co-instructor with Freeman, bringing real world professional experience directly into the classroom every week. The course has been a huge success. Students have participated in recording a podcast with Hansbrough and learned from an impressive lineup of guest speakers. Steve Kirschner, UNC’s senior associate director of athletics for communications, was the first in the course’s guest speaker series, followed by UNC Hussman alumni including Kaitlyn Schmidt ’23 from Bleacher Report, Deaton Bell ’90 from Turner Sports and Becca Royer ’19 from the Philadelphia 76ers. Travis Tygart, CEO of the U.S. Anti-Doping Agency, also shared his insights with the class. The highlight of the semester came when Roy Williams, who coached Hansbrough and the Tar Heels to a national championship in 2009, visited the classroom. Former UNC men’s basketball players Luke Maye and Marcus Ginyard showed up to support their former coach and Hansbrough, creating an unforgettable experience as Williams entertained students with stories and insights that captivated the room. Student demand has been overwhelming. The course reached capacity within two days of registration opening, with more than 40 students on the waitlist. “Students want to learn from people who have actually lived these experiences,” Freeman said. “Tyler shares insights into media relations, broadcast production and athlete communications that you simply can’t get from a textbook.” The model proved so successful that the school secured funding to continue it for the next five years, with a different former professional athlete co-teaching each fall. The school’s curriculum committee approved a proposal to expand the course to 150 to 200 students starting in fall 2026. This change will make it an introductory course accessible to students from across the University, transforming it into a showcase course for the entire campus. The course redesign represents just one piece of a broader sports communication program overhaul. This fall, the curriculum committee approved “MEJO 390: Sports Play by Play,” the first course of its kind at UNC. Limited to 10 advanced students, the course will be taught by Matt Krause, the current voice of UNC women’s basketball and an ACC Network broadcaster. Students will call actual games across multiple sports including women’s softball, soccer, volleyball, field hockey and lacrosse, as well as men’s soccer and lacrosse. They will also shadow broadcasts of men’s and women’s basketball games. “The sports broadcasting industry is exploding with streaming platforms and conference networks creating unprecedented demand,” Freeman said. The course emerged directly from student advocacy, led by Anna Laible ’26 and others who pushed for hands-on broadcasting experience. Professional equipment has been acquired, partnerships with UNC Athletics are in place and a soft launch began this semester with three experienced students calling games to test the system. The program’s growth extends into other specialized areas as well. Last spring, Stembler Professor Charlie Tuggle launched a new sports event management and hospitality course in partnership with On Location, a company that manages major sporting event experiences. The course provided students with opportunities to travel to the Super Bowl and NFL Draft, and Tuggle plans to take a group to the 2026 Milan Olympics this spring. Looking ahead to spring 2026, Associate Professor Ryan Thornburg will debut a sports data visualization course, adding another dimension to the program’s skill-building offerings. The curriculum expansion reflects the increasingly diverse career paths available in sports media, from traditional journalism and broadcasting to digital analytics and strategic communication. The program is also diving into one of college athletics’ most transformative developments: Name, Image and Likeness rights. Freeman’s “MEJO 466: Sports Marketing” class collaborated last spring with Associate Professor Gary Kayye’s “MEJO 371: Advertising Creative” class on a project with UNC’s Carolina NIL group to help rebrand their organization. That same semester, Kayye’s class envisioned Chapel Thrill, UNC football’s new pregame concert and entertainment experience. And Shaun Anderson, the school’s Knight Chair in Sports, Race and Media, continues to explore the broader implications of NIL through his research and teaching. These NIL-focused initiatives give students direct exposure to the business side of college athletics at a moment when the landscape is rapidly evolving. “Our students aren’t just learning about these changes,” Freeman said. “They’re actively helping shape how schools and athletes navigate them.” The transformation of UNC Hussman’s sports communication program reflects a broader philosophy about how to prepare students for careers in a rapidly changing industry. By bringing in professional practitioners like Hansbrough and Krause, partnering with industry leaders like On Location and ACC Network, and engaging with current issues like NIL, the program ensures students graduate with both theoretical knowledge and practical experience. For alumni who remember the foundations John Sweeney built, the expansion represents an evolution rather than a departure. The program still emphasizes strong reporting, strategic communication, ethical communication and critical thinking. But now it also offers students the chance to call live games, work on real NIL campaigns and learn directly from former professional athletes. “We’re not just teaching students about sports media,” Freeman said. “We’re giving them the tools, experiences and connections to actually build careers in it.” With new courses launching, professional partnerships deepening and enrollment expanding, UNC Hussman’s sports communication program is positioning itself as a national leader in preparing the next generation of sports media professionals. For current students, the message is clear: if you’re interested in sports communication, there’s never been a better time to be at UNC Hussman. And for the hundreds of students trying to get off waitlists and into these new courses, the school is working to create more opportunities. The program John Sweeney built is growing in ways that honor his legacy while meeting the demands of a new era in sports media.
Chicago’s rat hole wasn’t made by a rat
Plus a retirement home for penguins and other weird things we learned this week.
Poll: Jerry Demings, David Jolly are tied, but concerns remain about nominating another former Republican
A PPP survey found 22% support for both Democrats now, but there's trouble for Jolly the more respondents learned about his record in Congress.
Three Things Learned from UNC’s win against ETSU
A good win against a pretty quality mid-major foe
Nonprofit for disabled adults shines as Loudoun's small business of the year
This is how the work day gets started at Every Citizen Has Opportunities (ECHO), a nonprofit that links adults who have disabilities with jobs: More than half of the 200 participants head out for work in the community, others staff three businesses operating inside the large ECHO headquarters near Leesburg, Virginia. Michael Doolin has earned a paycheck there for two…
Ben Roethlisberger walks back 'clean house' comments, says Mike Tomlin has earned right to decide his future
Book prepares K-12 leaders for the next public health crisis
CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — In a new book, a team of experts in educational policy, epidemiology and public health chronicles the challenges faced by educators, public health authorities and school officials during the COVID-19 pandemic and offers a guide to some of the lessons learned as K-12 schools weathered that crisis. One key message: Collaboration between […]
Program-Record Four Vikings Earn Academic All-District Honors from College Sports Communicators - Portland State University Athletics
The Portland State volleyball team doesn't need to be playing matches to still be setting records. Four Vikings earned Academic All-District honors Tuesday from the College Sports Communicators (CSC), the most honorees in a single year in program history.
Quantum science research is full of promises. When will they happen? : Short Wave
This year, quantum science and computing came up a lot. There have been broad claims that quantum science and engineering could one day help cure diseases, design new materials, optimize supply chains -- or help in other ways not yet fathomable. And, while the Trump administration has made strides to cut scientific funding, quantum research is one of two things they’ve pledged to continue investing in – along with artificial intelligence. Meanwhile, scientists have been hard at work, pushing the research to move quantum engineering from sci-fi to real-world usefulness. All of this got science correspondent Katia Riddle wondering: When will all of this effort actually pay off? She talked to a lot of scientists to figure it out -- and to figure out how much scientist really understand about quantum science. She brings everything she learned onto the show today. To hear more Short Wave reporting on quantum clocks, check out this episode: Quantum Mechanics For BeginnersInterested in more quantum science? Email us your question at shortwave@npr.org.Listen to every episode of Short Wave sponsor-free and support our work at NPR by signing up for Short Wave+ at plus.npr.org/shortwave.
Frameshift: Shari Wiseman reflects on her pivot from science to publishing
As chief editor of Nature Neuroscience, Wiseman applies critical-thinking skills she learned in the lab to manage the journal’s day-to-day operations.
32 things we learned in NFL Week 15 takeaways: Painful fallout for big injuries
NFL Week 15 featured some painful outcomes for playoff contenders, but injuries to superstars could be even harder to stomach.
4 Takeaways From the Bills' Win Over the Patriots
The Bills spotted the Patriots a big lead and then came roaring back to keep their AFC East chances alive. Here's what we learned.
Clemson has five players invited to the upcoming Senior Bowl
Five Clemson players have earned the right to attend the Senior Bowl and make their case for NFL scouts.
NASA’s Webb, Curiosity Named in TIME’s Best Inventions Hall of Fame
Two icons of discovery, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope and NASA’s Curiosity rover, have earned places in TIME’s “Best Inventions Hall of Fame,” which
I’m 24. I learned up close that politics isn’t intimidating
My earlier trepidation dissipated after covering a campaign visit
After more than a year in business, this Morton restaurant has closed
The Tazewell County Health Department learned of the permanent closure in late November.
The Legacy of Lara Croft Continues in Two New Tomb Raider Games
30 years after it all started, Lara Croft returns in one new adventure, Tomb Raider: Catalyst (2027) and a complete reimagining of her first, Tomb Raider: Legacy of Atlantis (2026). Learn more inside:
City Colleges of Chicago Director and ISU Health Sciences alumna becomes first Black person in Illinois to hold a doctorate in Clinical Laboratory Science
When she learned she was the first Black person in Illinois to hold a *Doctorate in Clinical Laboratory Science (DCLS) she was “flabbergasted,” and not because she earned the doctorate, but because she knows it’s a catalyst for “something much bigger than me."
Red Wings take lessons learned into encounter vs. Oilers
Red Wings take lessons learned into encounter vs. Oilers
EXCLUSIVE: Prediction markets launch coalition amid sports betting fight
Several major prediction markets are forming a coalition to promote and defend their political interests amid a growing fight over sports betting, Axios has learned.
The New WHO Pandemic Treaty and Global Health Governance: Incorporating Common but Differentiated Responsibilities into PABS - Georgetown Journal of International Affairs
On May 20, 2025, the World Health Assembly unanimously adopted the World Health Organization (WHO) Pandemic Agreement, an international treaty designed to strengthen pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. The product of three years of arduous negotiations, the treaty marks a new era of global cooperation in public health. However, core aspects of the agreement remain unresolved—notably the Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) System, which is intended to ensure equitable access to pandemic-related materials and benefits. To support the successful implementation of the WHO Pandemic Agreement, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Introduction For the first time, an international treaty has enshrined the principle of “One Health,” the compelling idea that the health of animals, humans, and the environment all contribute to pandemic risks. SARS (2003), H1N1 (2009–10), Ebola (2014–16), and COVID-19 all emerged through zoonotic spillover from animal hosts—respectively, civets, hogs, and bats. Together, they underscore the need for a coordinated, cross-sectoral approach. The Pandemic Agreement responds to this call, requiring state parties to acknowledge the ecological interplay and commit to a comprehensive “One Health” strategy. Specifically, Article 5 charges governments to address “the drivers of pandemics and the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease at the human-animal-environment interface,” including wild animal markets, deforestation, and antibiotic overuse. Yet the effectiveness of this “One Health” vision depends equally on the free flow of scientific information and data among countries and institutions. Just as environmental and animal health factors have been neglected in past global frameworks, so too has data sharing been marginalized, despite its centrality to timely detection and response. The Pandemic Agreement takes an important step by requiring governments to enhance data collection and cooperate with the World Health Organization (WHO). However, these provisions will remain aspirational without a robust Pathogen Access and Benefit-Sharing (PABS) annex. The PABS system will determine whether countries and researchers can rapidly exchange pathogen samples and genetic data while ensuring equitable access to resulting research and development, including diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines. Without such mechanisms, the treaty’s promise to operationalize “One Health” and strengthen global preparedness will risk becoming largely symbolic, echoing earlier failures to translate shared principles into coordinated action. Equity Concerns When the 2025 Health Assembly adopted the Pandemic Agreement, it left the difficult question of access to pathogens and the sharing of resulting benefits to be addressed in a separate agreement. Negotiations on this separate agreement, PABS, are now underway in Geneva. Yet governments remain divided over fundamental questions of equity between the countries that primarily contribute to the system and those that primarily draw from it—and consequently benefit. For example, wildlife in countries bordering the equator is likely to produce PABS materials, but companies in Europe are likely to use them to develop lucrative products. The most likely contributor countries are likely to be those biodiverse countries around the equator, such as Brazil, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Indonesia, where the number of human-mammalian viral host interactions is large. Conversely, countries most likely to benefit from this material are those with the technology, investors, and infrastructure to capitalize on genomic data, such as the United States, EU member states, and Japan. This imbalance reflects a broader pattern seen in prior international frameworks. Now, as in the past, the wealthiest countries in the world (a useful heuristic is membership of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)) disproportionately benefit from systems in which pathogens and genomic sequencing data are contributed to a common source. Under the International Agreement on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (the “Plant Treaty” or “Seed Treaty”) and the Pandemic Influenza Preparedness (PIP) Framework, companies from Europe and North America disproportionately withdraw biological samples and data for development into lucrative medical products. Their governments and companies have both statutory and contractual claims to the products that those companies correspondingly produce. PABS appears poised to follow the same pattern. The text calls for strong language on access to pathogens and associated data, but the corresponding benefits that should flow to poorer countries are couched in equivocal or non-binding language. Common but Differentiated Responsibilities To address these inequities, the principle of “common but differentiated responsibilities” should be formally incorporated into the negotiating agenda of the PABS annex. Common but differentiated responsibilities are often a feature of climate change negotiations. The basic principle is that, even though all countries should reduce carbon emissions, governments that became rich and powerful through massive carbon emissions (e.g., France, the United Kingdom, the United States) should have a greater obligation to address the resulting crises. Applied to PABS, it would require that governments hosting and supporting companies developing lucrative products carry greater obligations toward the cost of running the PABS system; share benefits or final medical products; and transfer technology to help countries worldwide develop their own capacities to innovate and manufacture vaccines during an emergency. For example, an annex could mandate that any company based in an OECD country that withdraws PABS material would be obligated to donate the resulting diagnostics, therapeutics, or vaccines to the WHO during a public health emergency or pandemic. Questions remain about how robust those donations would be, but the principle is that they should deliver highly significant lifesaving benefits to be equitably shared. Theoretically, this approach mirrors the PIP Framework, in which companies withdrawing influenza samples are required to pay half of the operating costs. In practice, however, the framework has fallen short. The PIP Framework Secretariat has struggled to secure payments from companies, with companies often disagreeing over how much is owed. Additionally, without another pandemic influenza to test the strength of the agreement during a public health emergency, corporate compliance with sharing mechanisms remains unknown. Even if these limitations did not characterize the PIP Framework, partially paying for operating expenses does not address the inequity in access to genetic data and pathogen samples that left less developed countries last in line for COVID-19 vaccines (and, before them, H1N1). Common but differentiated responsibilities would go further, addressing governments’ legitimate grievances regarding information sharing. It would make withdrawals of PABS material and resulting products more transparent, building trust across the board. Enforcement and Enduring Success A key implication of this approach is that the governing mechanism of the PABS must have real enforcement authority. The WHO Pandemic Agreement delegates its core governance responsibilities to a Conference of the Parties (COP)—a governing body composed of one representative from each participating government, similar to those established under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. The proposed WHO Pandemic Agreement COP is charged with oversight functions but ultimately possesses no real authority to compel a government to take any action it does not wish to take. The text does not give the COP the ability to, for example, sanction a party that does not comply with either textual obligations or PABS provisions. In other words, there are no effective mechanisms in place to ensure compliance. Perhaps just as significant, establishing a meaningful enforcement mechanism within the PABS system would strengthen the WHO’s credibility and its ability to ensure compliance across global health governance. By setting a precedent for accountability, such a mechanism could enhance the organization’s authority not only within the Pandemic Agreement but also in enforcing the revised International Health Regulations and other frameworks for public health emergencies. Conclusion The PABS annex can—and should—be different. It should establish clear responsibilities for funding as well as for sharing the diagnostics, therapeutics, and vaccines that result from contributions to the system. The system, in turn, must include a dedicated body empowered to hold governments and the corporations they sponsor accountable for their responsibilities before, during, and after pandemics. Doing so would restore trust in the broader agreement, which was eroded as commitments were repeatedly diluted while parties scrambled to meet their own self-imposed deadlines during the Pandemic Agreement negotiations. A robust PABS Annex would cement a grand social bargain. Wealthier countries and their corporations would gain unimpeded access to scientific information essential for developing and manufacturing lifesaving medical products. As such, they would stand to gain considerable economic benefit. Yet that privilege must be matched with responsibility. The grand bargain must include not only the right to innovate, but also the duty to ensure that innovation serves all. As medical products are developed and produced through collective contributions, every person must have equal access. All human beings deserve an equitable chance to survive—to save their own life, the lives of their families, and the well-being of their communities. … Sam Halabi, JD, MPhil, is the Bette Jacobs Endowed Professor at Georgetown University’s School of Health and the Director of the Center for Transformational Health Law at Georgetown Law. He serves as the co-lead for the WHO’s Working Group on Regulatory Consideration on AI and Health’s training workstream. He earned his JD from Harvard, his MPhil from Oxford, and undergraduate degrees from Kansas State University. Lawrence Gostin, LLD (Hon.), JD, BA, is University Distinguished Professor and Founding Director and Timothy and Linda O’Neill Professor of the O’Neill Institute for National and Global Health Law. He is the author of Global Health Security: A Blueprint for the Future (Harvard University Press, 2021); Global Health Law (Harvard University Press, 2014); Public Health Law: Power, Duty, Restraint (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2016); Public Health Law and Ethics: A Reader (University of California Press, 3rd ed., 2018); Law and the Health System (Foundation Press, 2014); Principles of Mental Health Law & Practice (Oxford University Press, 2010). He also directs the WHO Collaborating Center at Georgetown University. Image Credit: United States Mission Geneva, CC BY 2.0, via Wikimedia Commons
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