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Michigan Sen. Gary Peters to lead USC political center. What he'll do
U.S. Sen. Gary Peters will co-lead the Center for the Political Future at USC after his Senate term ends in 2027.
Are measles in Philadelphia? PPHD warns of 2 possible exposures
Two recent possible measles exposures in Philadelphia prompt more advice, vaccine information.
Halo 3, Mass Effect, BioShock, Rock Band, and More: Fall 2007 Was the Greatest Season in Xbox – and Also Gaming
The fact that you can slice up the Fall of 2007 in so many different ways – best Xbox season ever, best PC season ever, best November ever – and the argument for its unmatched brilliance still holds up is iron-clad proof that it is, indisputably, the best season in video game history.
The TASK#STOMP Windows backdoor takes Wi-Fi passwords, screenshots, and business files
The TASK#STOMP backdoor steals office documents on Windows PCs, grabs new files as they're saved, and can rebuild itself if partly removed.
Michael Baker International Names Brian Pursch, SHRM-SCP, VP, Human Resources Business Partner Lead
/PRNewswire/ -- Michael Baker International, a global leader in engineering, architecture, consulting, and digital solutions, today announced that Brian...
MSG Entertainment's New President Is Josephine Vaccarello
The exec is a nearly thirty year veteran of the company, which oversees Madison Square Garden, Radio City Music Hall, and the Radio City Rockettes.
NFC North standings update: Where do Detroit Lions stand?
How do things stand in the NFC North through Week 2?
Noise pollution is a serious but often forgotten public health problem
Creating a quieter environment can improve your health – but you have to know what you’re listening for.
AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. Announces Cash Tender Offer for 7.500% Senior Secured Notes Due 2029
LEAWOOD, Kan., September 21, 2026--AMC Entertainment Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: AMC) ("AMC" or the "Company") announced today that it has commenced a cash tender offer (the "Tender Offer") to purchase any and all of the outstanding 7.500% Senior Secured Notes due 2029 (the "Notes") listed in the following table upon the terms and conditions described in the offer to purchase, dated September 21, 2026 (the "Offer to Purchase").
Apple Siri settlement claims window now open. How to file for money
Some iPhone users may be eligible to claim money from a $250 million Apple settlement. Here's who's eligible and how to file.
Schalke defender frustrated by lack of contract talks
With his contract expiring next summer, Schalke 04 centre-back Hasan Kurucay has expressed his disappointment that the club have yet to approach him about an extension.“I haven’t heard anything fr...
Democrats try to ride data center backlash to election victory in rural US Midwest
Mounting public anxiety about AI, cloud-computing infrastructure has transformed data center construction into a contentious midterm elections issue
Floating Nuclear Power Plants: Inside Bluecore Energy
Plugging into the ocean? Step inside Bluecore Energy to see how a prototype nuclear power plant on a barge actually works.
Roma Taking an Extended Look at Free Agent Defender
Roma could take advantage of the extra-long break to bring in a free agent and have had some contacts with Matteo Darmian as of late. He has been approached by a few smaller sides during the summer, b...
Nothing to report about contract
The 35-year-old's deal expires at the end of this season and it remains to be seen whether the centre-back, who joined Liverpool from Southampton in January 2018, will be offered an extension or he will choose to move on. Van Dijk has played every minute of Liverpool's Premier League campaign so farand said his side have "not had a bad start" under new boss Andoni Iraola. The Reds are unbeaten in seven games this season and go into the international break sixth in the table after two wins and three draws in the league.
Oklahoma County jail administrator on challenges of mental health care
Can 'A Different World' sequel change lives like the original series? Hillman is back in session
Netflix’s new “A Different World” sequel arrives with high expectations | KCBS All News 106.9FM and 740AM
KCC Entertainment Design | Mega City shortlisted for award
The large-format social entertainment venue, delivered for developer Wellstone, is one of three KCC-designed projects on the shortlist
Gary Peters to direct USC politics center in post-Senate role
Michigan's outgoing senior U.S. senator has secured a new job on the West Coast after his term ends in January.
He beat a political pillar in Pawtucket. Now he wants a shakeup
For the first time in nearly two decades, Pawtucket will have a new mayor. Adam Greenman talks about his winning strategy and top priorities.
Campaign cash from utility leaders prompts fight in governor's race
The candidates for Michigan governor vow cheaper energy bills and attack one another over utility leader and PAC campaign contributions.
How are the waves? UT Marine Science Institute shares live buoy data
The University of Texas Marine Science Institute will report water and wind data from buoys near Port Aransas online.
Lubbock Public Health Director gets statewide award for vaccine advocacy
Lubbock's public health director was honored for her leadership during the historic West Texas measles outbreak and her continuing work to protect communities from vaccine-preventable diseases.
Wayland Baptist School of Business celebrates arrival of Starnes Market Ticker
Wayland Baptist University’s School of Business celebrated the arrival of its new market ticker this month at its campus in Plainview.
Lee Health: The people who make the difference
As I prepare to retire as Lee Health’s president and CEO, I’ve spent a lot of time thinking about what I’ll remember most from my years serving.
Finland's president reflects on Furman roots, world challenges
Finland President Alexander Stubb returned to Furman, reflecting on his student days, global affairs and Greenville's growth.
Getting nonstop political texts? Here’s what you can do to stop them
Political campaigns and pollsters can fill your inbox ahead of an election. Here’s what federal and Ohio guidance says about opting out, blocking and reporting unwanted texts.
Michigan State football in need of a health check as Big Ten play hits
As Pat Fitzgerald starts his quest to return Michigan State football to the top of the Big Ten, the Spartans enter with some health questions.
Vote for the Houma Today/Daily Comet AOTW, sponsored by Thibodaux Regional Health System
The poll is back open for the Houma Today/Daily Comet Athlete of the Week, sponsored by Thibodaux Regional Health System. Vote now and vote often!
Vote for the Houma Today/Daily Comet AOTW, sponsored by Thibodaux Regional Health System
The poll is back open for the Houma Today/Daily Comet Athlete of the Week, sponsored by Thibodaux Regional Health System. Vote now and vote often!
What stores are currently inside of West Ridge Mall? More than 20.
West Ridge Mall is adding new local businesses to its directory. See the full list of stores currently open.
What events are happening in the South Bend area from Sept. 21 to 27?
From fall festivals to haunted parks and film screenings, here is a guide to events happening Sept 21 to Sept 27.
Celebrate Dolly Parton Day on 9/25 with parties, books and tattoos!
In honor of the iconic star and her song “9 to 5,” Sept. 25 has been dubbed “Dolly Parton Day.” Check out these Parton-inspired events to celebrate!
Retiring Lee Health CEO Antonucci looks back on COVID, Ian, growth
Dr. Larry Antonucci retires as Lee Health CEO after leading the system through COVID-19 and Hurricane Ian.
Through the years: Dr. Larry Antonucci, CEO of Lee Health
CEO of Lee Health retires; dealt with COVID, Hurricane Ian, conversion to nonprofit system, AI and growthLiz
The data center backlash is reshaping American politics — one community at a time
With striking speed, the widespread debate around data centers has become a fault line in American communities, cutting across political parties and forging unexpected alliances.
Hoosiers need easy access to qualified health care providers
While physicians discuss the perceived threat of expanding professional roles, Hoosiers face a greater threat: inaccessible, unaffordable healthcare.
See Mamaroneck roadway where state DOT plans to add bike lanes
A Mamaroneck business owner believes that bike lanes on Boston Post Road will increase traffic backups and be dangerous for young cyclists.
These races will decide whether Democrats or Republicans win House control
A handful of swing districts will determine which party wins control of the House of Representatives in 2026.
These races will decide whether Democrats or Republicans win House control
A handful of swing districts will determine which party wins control of the House of Representatives in 2026.
The most iconic MTV VMA red carpet looks of all time
Since the first ceremony in 1984, the VMAs has become known as the award show where stars aren’t afraid to take major fashion risks, turning the red carpet into the ultimate spectacle.
Shopping around: How Detroit is trying to attract more retail
Detroit officials estimate residents spend over $3 billion a year in surrounding communities on goods and services they can't easily find in town.
Steelers 2nd-Year Starter Calls for Changes After Patriots Loss
Pittsburgh Steelers left tackle Troy Fautanu called for offensive changes after losing to the New England Patriots on Sunday. The post Steelers 2nd-Year Starter Calls for Changes After Patriots Loss appeared first on HEAVY.
Is Elevance Health (ELV) Fairly Valued On Its Conference Outlook Reassurance?
Elevance Health (ELV) used its appearance at the Wells Fargo 21st Annual Healthcare Conference on 10 September 2026 to reinforce its earnings outlook and cost discipline, keeping the recent valuation conversation very much alive. Recent trading has been mildly soft, with the share price down 0.8% on the day and 1.9% over the past week. Even so, Elevance Health still carries a 16.0% year to date share price return and a 33.6% 1 year total shareholder return, indicating that momentum has cooled...
Parker then proceeded to reveal that ASVEL are set to …
Parker then proceeded to reveal that ASVEL are set to …
Adam Smith appointed chairman of Disney Entertainment’s Direct-to-Consumer division
Disney names Adam Smith as chairman of Direct-to-Consumer and Joe Earley as president of TV franchise and content strategy.
Green Bay Packers Reveal Brutal Injury News After Beating Jets
The Green Bay Packers were able to pull out an ugly win over the New York Jets on Sunday afternoon. Despite trailing in the fourth quarter by a score of 17-7, the team was able to come all the way back to take home a 20-17 victory. With the win, the Packers moved to 1-1 […] The post Green Bay Packers Reveal Brutal Injury News After Beating Jets appeared first on Gridiron Heroics.
Derrick Henry picks up rushing touchdown in Week 2
Ravens RB Derrick Henry posts 68 rushing yards and TD against Saints
Packers Rally to Stun Jets in Overtime
The Green Bay Packers pulled off a dramatic comeback Sunday afternoon, rallying from a 10-point fourth-quarter deficit to defeat the New York Jets 20-17 in overtime at MetLife Stadium. The Jets appeared to be in control for much of the afternoon and held a 17-7 lead with just over 11 minutes remaining in the fourth…
Gary Peters, Michigan's senior U.S. senator, prepares to leave office
U.S. Gary Peters, D-Bloomfield Township, is leaving office at the end of 2026 after 12 years in the Senate.
Week 2 inactives for 49ers
San Francisco announces five inactives ahead of Week 2
Kate Beckinsale sparks concern with cryptic Instagram posts
Kate Beckinsale has sparked concern online with a pair of cryptic, since-deleted social media posts shared on Sunday, Sept. 20.
University Place Celebrates Launch of Entertainment District with Ribbon-Cutting
University Place mall's entertainment district is officially live — meaning customers can take alcoholic to-go drinks outside.
La Lew wins $15K in RIT business pitch competition
La Lew Public Relations won the $15,000 grand prize in RIT's ROC the Pitch competition, while Allergy Advocates NY received $10,000.
Why politicians should pay more attention to the polls (reprise)
Welcome to the 231st edition of The Week in Polls (TWIP), a polling newsletter that always welcomes new readers. So please don’t keep TWIP a secret; share it with your friends and colleagues: Share The Week in Polls With all the stories swirling around Reform, JL Partners and political polling, I am finally tearing myself away from talking about the regulation of polling this week - and instead re-running a previous piece reminding us why the solution to problems with polls isn’t simply to ban or ignore them. Rather, we need them to play a vital role in making our politics - and politicians - better. This is followed by summaries of the latest national voting intention polls, seat projections from MRPs and the most recent party leader ratings. Subscribers who pay for the full edition can also read ten insights from the latest polls and analyses, including: A trio of organisations and a pair of professors have been casting their eyes over the Liberal Democrats ahead of the party’s autumn conference; What impact did the summer heatwave have on views on climate change? and Which wins out between chocolate and cheese? If you are not yet a paid subscriber, you can read all ten by starting a free trial now: Get FREE 7-day trial For more polling news as it comes in ahead of next week’s edition, you can also follow The Week in Polls on Bluesky. Picking up on my doubt last week about whether or not 35% of British train travellers have tried to order a takeaway for delivery to a railway station or carriage, thank you to reader Iain, who has been in touch to say he has done just that… in India. Another quick pair of updates, this time on the controversies around Reform and polling. Politico has a further scoop - “Farage aide caught in donor sting attended Egypt retreat with JL Partners” - and Ian Dunt has written about the problems with polling too: “Seeing the response of many polling experts in the last few weeks suggests that they are nervous about what is happening and keen to mitigate against it. Seeing the response of journalists, which has been basically non-existent, suggests the precise opposite.” My usual reminder as well: please do hit reply if you’ve spotted a poll, focus group or new piece of poll-based research that you think should be in contention for coverage in a future edition. Thank you! And with that, on with the show. How politicians get public opinion wrong I have written before about the benefits that come from widespread availability of high-quality political polling. We need more polls and more good coverage of polls. However, what I’ve not dug into before is the research into how accurately politicians estimate public opinion on issues. Thankfully we have academic research to tell us. First, the bad news: We present results from a study of 866 politicians in four countries.1 Politicians were asked to estimate the percentage of public support for various policy proposals. Comparing more than 10,000 estimations with actual levels of public support, we conclude that politicians are quite inaccurate estimators of people’s preferences. They make large errors and even regularly misperceive what a majority of the voters wants. Politicians are hardly better at estimating public preferences than ordinary citizens. Walgrave, S., Jansen, A., Sevenans, J., Soontjens, K., Pilet, J.B., Brack, N., Varone, F., Helfer, L., Vliegenthart, R., van der Meer, T., Breunig, C., Bailer, S., Sheffer, L. & Loewen, P.J. (2023a), “Inaccurate Politicians: Elected Representatives’ Estimations of Public Opinion in Four Countries”, The Journal of Politics, 85(1): 209-222. The bad news is not quite as bad as that makes it sound because, when asked whether the majority of public opinion was for or against various policies, politicians picked the wrong option ‘only’ 29% of the time. However, this included getting it wrong even when public opinion is far from evenly split on an issue: They do not only get it wrong when the public is divided and hard to read (e.g., when there is a 51%:49% distribution). Seventy percent of the misplacements occur for policies with a relatively clear distribution of at least 60% (dis)agreeing citizens. Moreover, the public scored only slightly worse than politicians, picking the wrong option 2.7 out of 8 times on average, compared with 2.3 times for politicians. Turning to the other measure of accuracy (not which side is in the lead but what the percentage support is for each side), politicians on average were 18 percentage points out in their guesses. Again, this was only slightly better than the public, whose error came in at 21 percentage points.2 Further research, using the same mix of countries, gives a little more comfort about how (in)accurate perceptions are: We show that politicians have a better understanding of public opinion when they think the issue matters to voters. Further, when an issue is personally important to politicians they more accurately estimate their party supporters’ opinions. The results confirm that politicians hold more accurate perceptions of voters’ preferences when they think it is important to do so but not necessarily when the issues actually are important to voters. Butler, C., Walgrave, S., Soontjens, K. & Loewen, P.J. (2024), “Politicians are better at estimating public opinion when they think it is more salient”, Party Politics: 1–13. Even so, it’s not a good picture. The remedy for this? Politicians should spend more time reading the polls. So forward this newsletter to someone you know… Share For a more general argument against banning polls, see my 2024 piece. Is “Let Bartlet Be Bartlet” good advice or not? The latest episode of my Political Fictions podcast heads across the Atlantic for a dip into one of the political TV classics: Mark and Cory talk about a giant of American political drama for the first time this week, as they tackle The West Wing. They talk about Let Bartlet Be Bartlet, the nineteenth episode of series one. In it, Mark wonders if The West Wing is actually the epitome of the “Boris Johnson school of politics”, Cory outmanoeuvres Mark into confirming we will record a Christmas Special about Love, Actually and they debate whether the central message of this episode has been misunderstood. Cory’s email newsletter is Paperback Rioter and Mark has a family of email newsletters. Subscribe to our newsletter for some additional bonus content and to get alerted whenever a new episode comes out. Our theme tune is “Monkeys Spinning Monkeys” by Kevin MacLeod/incompetech.com and licensed under the Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License. You can also listen to our episode on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, the web or YouTube. Elsewhere from me… [ A Lord's Eye View How to fix the problem of money in our politics Welcome to my latest update on work in the House of Lords. This time I am taking a look at how our political system is regulated, and the protections we need to keep democracy safe from becoming simply a contest to see who has the biggest bank account… Read more 5 days ago · 3 likes · 2 comments · Mark Pack ](https://lordseyeview.substack.com/p/how-to-fix-the-problem-of-money-in?utm_source=substack&utm_campaign=post_embed&utm_medium=web&embedding_publication_id=1269283) If you spot a factual error… Borrowing an idea from Stuart Ritchie and others, if you spot a factual error in an edition of this newsletter, I will give you a free 12-month subscription to the paid-for version (or an extra 12 months on your existing one). Factual errors qualify, but grammatical errors or disagreements over interpretation do not, and my decision is final. Messages about both of those are always welcome, though. Voting intention and leadership ratings Here are the latest voting intention polls from different pollsters. It is all pretty static at the moment, with a small and consistent Labour lead in nearly all the polls. The table is also online here, along with explanations about what is included. It is updated regularly throughout the week as new polls are released. Next are the seat projections from MRPs, also sorted by fieldwork dates, listing those which are based on dedicated fieldwork (rather than models based on averages of other polls). Because such MRPs are published infrequently, some of the entries below are quite old. Finally, here is a summary of leadership ratings, with a graph from PollCheck: Detailed numbers from the latest polls are online here, and both that and the graph are updated regularly throughout the week as new data comes out. For historical figures on both voting intention and leader approval stretching back to the 1930s, including Parliamentary by-election polls, see PollBase. Catch up on the previous two editions [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ A crisis point for political polling Sep 13 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/a-crisis-point-for-political-polling) [ ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Extra questions about the polls in Reform’s funding scandal Sep 6 ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) [ Read full story ](https://theweekinpolls.substack.com/p/extra-questions-about-the-polls-in) My privacy policy and other legal information are available here. Links to purchase books or other items are usually affiliate links which pay a commission for each sale. Quotes from social media messages are occasionally lightly edited for punctuation and clarity. If you are subscribed to other email lists of mine, please note that unsubscribing from this one will not automatically remove you from the others. If you wish to be removed from all my lists, simply reply to this email to let me know. A quintet of Lib Dem polling analyses, and 9 other polling insights you shouldn’t miss The following ten findings from the most recent polls and analyses are only for subscribers who pay for the full edition, but you can sign up for a free trial to read them straight away. Ahead of the start of Liberal Democrat conference, we have a trio of organisations and a pair of professors with pieces out about Ed Davey’s party:
Manchester City 5-3 Sunderland: What Le Bris said
This is the reality of the Premier League and we have to learn. Brobbey for Sunderland today was the sixth instance of a player scoring a Premier League hat-trick but ending the match on the losing side, and the first since Roque Santa Cruz for Blackburn Rovers against Wigan Athletic in December 2007.
Top Senate Republican says 'we need to do more' on economy, affordability
John Barrasso, the influential No. 2 Senate Republican, said his party needs to "do more" on the economy as November's midterm elections approach.
Final score predictions for Bengals vs. Texans in Week 2
Bengals vs. Texans final preview for Week 2.
El-Sayed condemns harassment of Haley Stevens after 'gallows' rhetoric
It follows an incident where an activist followed Haley Stevens to her car, calling her a war criminal and saying, "We will see you at the gallows."
'Rethink everything:' Local health leaders take pulse of challenges
Ventura County's biggest healthcare players examined the "big beautful bill," worker shortages and other challenges.
With the season winding down, Mookie Betts is heating up
Betts is leading the way for the Dodgers at the top of the lineup, hitting .833 over his last three games.
East Tennessee has more measles cases. Health officials won’t say where
East Tennessee measles cases tallied six last week, but the state’s health department isn’t disclosing which counties those with the virus live in.
Brown Health residents struggle with low pay, paid leave
A neurosurgery resident details the struggle of balancing medical training with low pay and lack of family leave.
Oklahoma ranks top 10 for business bankruptcies despite startup boom
Oklahoma ranks in the top 10 for business bankruptcies as interest rates rise, yet the state remains a top spot for startups.
Parental instincts are crucial. The internet is clouding them.
Parents have more access to health information than ever, but it is conflicting and erodes their confidence.
FSU students show interest in staying in Tallahassee
Nearly 900 FSU students attended a local career fair, challenging the idea that graduates always leave the city.
From vaudeville to Broadway, Palace Theatre has evolved for 100 years
The historic Palace Theatre is hitting the century mark this year! Celebrate with special events through early December.
Seafood Festival, Pensacola Beach Brawl among this week's big events
Seafood Festival, Pensacola Beach Brawl, Lionfish Invitational, and the Fall Big Book Sale are among this week's biggest events.
Byron Donalds emphasizes FSU roots for Florida governor bid
Byron Donalds is embracing his FSU alumni status as he campaigns to become the next governor of Florida.
Wilmington nurse's legacy lives on through new scholarships
Family and colleagues honored the late Freddie Simpson, a beloved rehab nurse manager, with a new scholarship.
Complete NASCAR Cup points standings after 2026 Bristol Night Race
We have a new points leader, as Larson edges ahead of Hamlin in the championship fight
Q&A: Detroit retail leader on attracting businesses, retail growth
Addofio Addo is tasked with helping guide efforts to bring more retailers to neighborhood commercial corridors.
BYU Starts Strong, Gets Road Win at Colorado State
LJ Martin and Legend Glasker showed their star power and BYU jumped out to a 38-7 lead before fluttering late in a 41-23 win at Colorado State Saturday night in Fort Collins. BYU led 31-7 at halftime, and scored a touchdown on their first drive of the second half to go up 38-7 before pulling […]
Peoria celebrates German heritage at 30th annual Oktoberfest
Peoria celebrates its German heritage with lots of beer, brats and polka music Saturday at the annual Oktoberfest on the riverfront.
Melbourne Square held a free science event for children
Mad Science held an interactive event at Melbourne Square featuring optical illusions and detective science for kids.
Tony Parker loses official coaching debut against older brother's team
Tony Parker loses official coaching debut against older brother's team
1976 Power Ballad, Recorded in New York City, Became Iconic Band's Biggest Hit
This classic hit has become an iconic ballad.
1976 Power Ballad, Recorded in New York City, Became Iconic Band's Biggest Hit
This classic hit has become an iconic ballad.
1976 Power Ballad, Recorded in New York City, Became Iconic Band's Biggest Hit
This classic hit has become an iconic ballad.
See how MS politicians are using Ole Miss-LSU game to campaign
Mississippi politicians are using the fanfare around the Ole Miss clash with former coach Lane Kiffin and LSU to their advantage.
Michigan Dominates UTEP In Second Half In 52-17 Beatdown
The Wolverines struggled to find their rhythm early, but Michigan exploded for 28 points in the third quarter behind an efficient performance from quarterback Bryce Underwood.
BYU football vs Colorado State in a pregame weather delay
BYU and Colorado State football game has entered a weather delay pregame ahead of the Sept. 19 game, which will be broadcast on CBS.
Health officials warning people about measles exposure across 6 counties in CA: Here's what we know
Health officials are warning about a possible measles exposure across California including in the Bay Area. A person with measles who was unvaccinated traveled around the state in trains and buses, ac...
Elevance Health (ELV) Stock May Be Undervalued On Reaffirmed 2026 Guidance
Elevance Health has had a solid run over the past year, and the stock is now trading with recent news about its earnings outlook fresh in investors' minds. The core question is whether the current share price is warranted by the healthcare insurer's ability to keep converting its profit story into sustainable earnings per share. The stock has gained 33.6% over the past 12 months, which puts more weight on whether that move is supported by the underlying earnings power of the...
7-Year-Old Boy Burned in Fire After ‘Science Experiment’ with Household Items Goes Wrong
“Every single day asks an unbelievable amount of strength from him,” a family member wrote on GoFundMe
Buccaneers Battle Browns With Season at Early Crossroads
Buccaneers look to bounce back against the Browns and avoid their first 0-2 start under Todd Bowles.
Moyes demands more from Everton
Fifth in the Premier League table and yet to lose this season, Everton are on the up, but boss David Moyes wants further improvements - and don't mention Europe.
The growing Dodgers 10-strikeout club
Tyler Glasnow on Friday night struck out 10 Giants in his six innings, his most in a start this season. Aside from securing Los Angeles-area folks a free Jumbo Jack with a purchase of a large drink for the 130th time this season and the 27th time in the last 28 days, Friday affirmed the […]
Research suggests some voters using AI to help with midterms information
Researchers predict that more people will use AI to understand elections, and they find a mix of outcomes from voters using AI to understand elections.
Great Lakes bind U.S., Canada trade imperiled by Trump tariffs
A rift between Ottawa and Washington threatens lasting damage to supply chains across land and water geared for free-flowing commerce.
“Have to be satisfied with the point”
Head coach Adi Hütter, captain Robin Koch and goalkeeper Noah Atubolu share their thoughts after the 2-2 draw against SC Freiburg. Head coach Adi Hütter: “We would have liked to come away with mo...
'Professional' Torquay ease to 6-1 FA Cup victory
Torquay United manager Jimmy Ball praises the "professional" way in which his side beat AFC Stoneham 6-1 in the FA Cup.
Haaland the cover star for Sunderland matchday programme
Erling Haaland is our cover star for the matchday programme for City’s game against Sunderland on Sunday. Interviews Maresca: Opening day win was important for current form The City striker is also ...
Carrot Top hospitalized after alleged suicide attempt: report
Scott "Carrot Top" Thompson is recovering in a Las Vegas hospital as of Sept. 18 after reports of the comedian's alleged suicide attempt.
The Big Holes in Wearable Heart Rate Variability And Readiness Scores
On September 9th, Apple announced it was revamping its Apple Watch Health Sensing System, rolling out a Readiness score (0 to 10), and increasing the frequency of heart rate variability (HRV) outputs 24-fold. This can be viewed as upping its competition with various other consumer wearable sensors. These “readiness scores” as a composite of multiple metrics, with heart rate variability (HRV) being front and center for most. The majority of Americans are now using wearable sensors, which equates to well over 100 million adults. HRV and Readiness scores are increasingly being marketed as a measurement of autonomic nervous system health, a digital marker for future disease, a clock for biological age, and a holistic metric to promote healthspan and even longevity. (Apple also introduced a new longevity tab and “Health Age”.) None of this has been proven. In this edition of Ground Truths I am going to review what we know about heart rate variability and readiness scores. Heart Rate Variability HRV is the variation in normal heart cycle timing. The variability of the heart rate, the barely perceptible millisecond changes in time between consecutive heart beats (see R-R intervals in the Figure below, left panel), is due to interplay between the sympathetic and parasympathetic (vagal nerve) inputs. Distinct from heart rate, individuals with the same heart rate can have very different HRVs. It is a rough reflection of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, inadequate to say whether a person’s ANS function is abnormal. For more than three decades, heart rate variability (HRV) has been measured and several studies have found an association of low HRV and clinical outcomes, particularly a link with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. There have also been less well established links of low HRV to risk of early cognitive impairment, dementia, mental illness, Type 2 diabetes and substance abuse. An important reminder is that HRV is a surrogate marker without any established cause-and-effect relationship. If you increase your HRV, that doesn’t mean it will improve health outcomes. In fact, there is no hard evidence for that. All that work linking to health outcomes was done with electrocardiogram (ECG) derived HRV. Now, in the era of consumer wearables, this is getting assessed differently, by optical pulse (yes, the lights you see) plethysmography (PPG) or what is called pulse rate variability (PRV). They are not the same, as shown below (right panel) and only concordant when the delay between the ECG and pulse is kept constant, which basically means at rest. I should mention there’s also what I will call MPV, a mattress mechanical movement sensor, a derived heart rate variability, that companies like Eight Sleep use, even further away from directly measuring HRV. HRV has not one uniform measurement but many different types of quantification, such as RMSSD, the magnitude of difference between successive R-R intervals of normal sinus beats (N-N) or SDNN, the standard deviation of NN intervals, both in milliseconds. SDNN is one of the so-called frequency domain HRVs (others are LF, HF, LF/HF). Different wearable sensors use different metics; Apple has relied on SDNN and nearly all of the others use RMSSD, which is generally considered the more accurate metric. There’s also the different length of time measured, such as for a matter of minutes, all day, or an overnight’s sleep. Short measurements are especially problematic since they don’t capture enough of respiratory modulation and other factors that influence HRV. Share Ground Truths How well does HRV correlate with PRV? There are very limited studies, especially independently done. One that is commonly cited was conducted by Air Force researchers in only 13 healthy adults assessing Oura ring 3 and 4, Whoop 4.0, and Garmin Fenix 6 and showed a correlation coefficient of 0.88 to 0.97 and a mean absolute percentage error from 6 to 10%. The correlation is not a perfect 1.0, but there’s at least a fairly high level of correlation. HRV is supposed to increase during the night due to takeover of the parasympathetic nervous system, and higher during deep sleep. A recent example of my 1 week, all day “HRV,” and one during sleep is shown below. As you can see, the N of 1 data are inconsistent for the same days from different sensors (Oura, AppleWatch, Fitbit Air, and Eight Sleep) by patterns, absolute numbers, and comparison with prior days and weeks. The largest study in over 8 million Fitbit users (the old version, not Google Fitbit Air, introduced in May 2026) gives you a sense of the effect of age, sex, and the 2 different main HRV (here PRV) metrics, with RMSSD on the left and SDRR (=SDNN) on the right below. That study, from data collected in 2018, is a major outlier, since all the more recent ones are tiny with respect to sample size. Many of the companies have not had independent evaluation of their HRV, such as Eight Sleep, but have published a low standard error on their website. There are some other published studies on the correlation between HRV and PRV, but they are all small and only in healthy adults. A scoping review emphasized the lack of study in underrepresented individuals, including the aged, people of color (which affects the PPG signal), and individuals who are underweight or obese. Add the typical adult age 60 plus with one or more chronic diseases. For example, one study in over 900 adults found poor correlation of HRV and PRV, non-uniformly underestimated across many chronic diseases (cardiovascular, endocrine, neurological, respiratory, and others), concluding PRV is “an invalid surrogate for HRV.” A recent systematic review of 43 studies comparing HRV and PRV found reasonable pooled absolute standardized error (HRV as gold standard) but only 10 of the studies provided quantitative synthesis in ideal conditions. Their main conclusion was similarly cautious: “PPG-derived HRV [PRV] should not be regarded as universally interchangeable with ECG-derived HRV across all devices, populations, and recording contexts.” Factors Affecting HRV and PRV That gets me to the long list of factors that affect HRV (and PRV) besides the device, the type of measurement (RMSSD, SDNN or others), the person’s signal, the sensor site, the duration of data capture, if weighting by sleep stage is used, how artifact is processed and corrected. And this list is not complete!: Oura puts out data from their community of users (who input data) on what affects their overnight HRV. The factors currently provided are: no alcohol (increase 8%), melatonin (increase 2%, float tank (increase 2%), wine (decrease 4%), and party (decrease 14%) in overnight HRV. Must be some big parties! Subscribe What is a PRV measurement good for? It has been falsely characterized as an index of “autonomic balance” and a specific indicator of stress. A 2018 review of the studies available for HRV and its relationship to stress, not using any of the current wearables, found that stress can lower HRV. But so can many other factors. The non-specificity of the signal, indexed to the table above, is striking. Evidence from a UK Biobank study of over 46,000 participants with actual HRV looked at genetically predicted HRV, a genetic risk score, that failed to show the expected HRV-mortality link, indicating that _HRV is likely not causa_l, but rather a reflection of person’s physiologic state. A review of consumer wearable HRV data from 5 longitudinal studies showed that nighttime PRV was not associated with perceived stress, and surprisingly higher HRV, in the largest cohort (N=717 participants), was correlated with higher stress. An Oura ring cohort of 525 first-year college students found a link between overnight PRV and perceived stress, but that was also seen with resting heart rate, sleep, and respiratory rate. Several very small studies have examined the relationship of HRV and athletic injuries or guiding training with mixed, and predominantly negative results. HRV biofeedback training with paced breathing had no significant effect on reducing stress or raising HRV, as demonstrated with sham controlled trials. When HRV for multiple days showed a decline in conjunction with body temperature, the Oura ring published data for prediction of Covid. The WHOOP company sponsored an observational study, published in 2026, of 30,000 users for 72 weeks, without a control group, that reported reduced alcohol intake (5.8 % points) by self-report. That doesn’t tell us much, and particularly about the merits of HRV for behavioral change. If you use the same device and conditions as longitudinal trends for multiple (at least 2-3) weeks that may be the one way to get something useful from the measurements. Data for overnight sleep with minimal motion and using RMSSD is the best proxy for real HRV. The reason to look at trends rather than any given night is that it more likely represents something, even though you won’t know with certainty what the “it” is. Keep in mind there are no data, no peer-reviewed evidence, to show that HRV fluctuation in-person has any correlation with health outcomes. Share Readiness Scores These are proprietary scores that integrate different metrics for each of the wearables: no algorithms have been disclosed. They are unvalidated against health outcomes. In a review of 14 composite health scores of readiness and recovery, HRV contributed 86% to the scores, followed by reading heart rate (79%), physical activity and sleep duration (both at 71%). That review noted the substantial variability in measurement protools and lack of standardization. Sleep staging is notoriously inconsistent and inaccurate by these sensors, which adds further to the HRV uncertainties for what the scores, which use sleep stage data, mean. Only resting heart rate has been shown consistently across devices to be extremely accurate. I’ve made a Table to summarize what we know about which metrics are included, the scores, any peer-reviewed studies that compared the readiness score with health outcomes, and the corresponding (if any, NA-not available) citation. You will note that some companies do not use the term “readiness," such as WHOOP for recovery, and Garmin, which has 2 different scores, one of which is Body Battery. Eight Sleep uses the term “Fitness Score.” They all include HRV; Apple includes a new metric they call “Recovery HRV” which among other components uses 7-days of sleep, but it is unclear what this means or how it is differentiated from other scores (there are clearly no data for outcomes). We have no knowledge of how the different components are weighted or whether any of these scores are better than resting heart rate, HRV alone, physical activity, or any other single metric. Since none of these are standardized, they are not interchangeable, so if you get a 90 for Oura that has no relationship to a 90 on a Google Fitbit Air. Notably, the company can update its algorithm for readiness score at any point without notification to device users. Without any useful evidence of actionability for these scores or established relationship with health outcomes, it is hard to make a case for their value. At the Apple recent announcement they showed their Readiness score (0-10) on the watch (Figure below) but there are no published data on this score, not even on their website. It’s available only on their new Watch Series 12 or Ultra 4 [of course, ;-)]. That exemplifies the problems with these scores, lack of data and evidence for being meaningful to promote health. Perhaps the best study (which isn’t saying much) is the WHOOP Recovery for golfer performance, because it did correlate with an objective outcome, even though there was no control group and the authors were all from the company. Among the 389 pro golfers, an absolute 10-per cent point increase in Recovery score was associated with about 0.5 fewer strokes per round. But that’s hardly a health outcome! WHOOP is also conducting a study in over 2,700 runners to see if their recovery score will be linked to less injuries and improved performance, but that is not yet published and has no control group or randomization. Putting This in Context For two decades I’ve been enthusiastic about the potential for digital health and particularly wearable biosensors. Over the years, we’ve seen some great progress for their ability to promote physical activity and accurately detect atrial fibrillation (the first FDA cleared deep learning AI for consumers). That work was the subject of rigorous research. But there are holes in the data and evidence for other metrics. One notable one is the “VO2 max” story that I wrote about earlier this year. At that time many subscribers asked me to cover heart rate variability, which I finally got to here. When I dived into the research and publication for HRV and readiness scores, I expected to find at least some that were of high quality and demonstrated their utility by linkage to health outcomes. To my surprise, I found none. The wearable sensor measurements for HRV (PRV) are, for the most part, accurate, but that validation work has only been done in small studies of healthy adults and does not take into account the long list of factors, from the device, software side, and the user side, that affect HRV measurements. Moreover, this metric chiefly relies on optical sensing and, as we have learned for heart rate PPG sensing, may be less accurate in people of color. Keep in mind that all of the health outcome association evidence comes from ECG-derived HRV; none are from wearable sensor data. I will repeat the key point: there's no peer-reviewed evidence to show that in-person HRV fluctuation—or efforts to raise your HRV— has any correlation with health outcomes. For those of you who look at your HRV on awakening, or even 2+ week trends of it being low, I hope this context helps to relieve any anxiety. Yes, low HRV (not PRV) has been shown to increase risk of some diseases as summarized above. But efforts to raise your HRV—a surrogate metric— has not been established for improving any health outcomes. HRV does not have any evidence of causality (the genetic evidence actually goes against this possibility). In this summary, I have not included data for other wearable sensors such as Polar, Samsung, Withings, Suunto, Amazfit, Coros, Ultrahuman, or additional mattress sensors. These are beyond my first-hand experience, and as far as I know from my in-depth review none have any peer-reviewed published data that differ from the 6 sensors I’ve reviewed here. From the points I’ve gone over above, we’re not ready for readiness scores. Besides being proprietary, they are predominantly based on metrics that have their own issues. It’s compounding the problem, like building a house without a solid foundation that has never undergone a rigorous inspection, and then selling it. Like I mentioned for PRV, you can look at trends over weeks rather than any single day, to get a handle, but even that may not be helpful. There’s simply no evidence that these scores meaningfully relate to health outcomes. I’d emphasize they might, but that requires doing prospective or randomized studies to prove it. None exist. There’s great promise for HRV/PRV utility_. For example**,**_ Prof Maiken Nedergaard, who discovered the brain glymphatics that are essential in eliminating metabolic waste products from the brain during sleep, has posited that HRV could be a non-invasive marker for neuromodulator oscillations, brain-body regulatory circuits, and brain clearance. That would be extremely useful, but like everything else on HRV and readiness scores it requires solid research and validation. The lay media isn’t helping much to get the story straight. Earlier this year The Economist published a piece entitled “The most useful indicator of your overall health” which ordained HRV as an “accumulated stress score.” That’s akin to the false assertion about VO2max: “V02 max is the singular most powerful marker for longevity.” As I’ve summarized here, that is not established. The fact is that so many things can lower HRV, including physical exercise (especially an intense workout), reduced sleep quality, stress, the list above, no less the device, signal, and software. Whatever fluctuations observed have not been correlated with any health outcome. Sadly, “datamaxxers” are widely using HRV and readiness scores that have never been validated to mean anything. We already know that for some people using the sensors for sleep metrics, it can induce “orthosomnia,” an obsession to get high sleep quality, with associated high levels of anxiety. In an experiment done by a company to promote sleep quality for its employees, “For those employees who did use the trackers, many reported feeling perfectly rested until their tracker told them they had had a terrible night. Others were told that they had slept like a baby when they had actually been lying awake worrying about the quality of their sleep. “ The same problem can result from preoccupation with HRV or readiness scores, with anxiety that would lead to further reduction in both. It you are using a wearable like >100 million American adults, it’s OK to look at these data, but contextualized with the major caveats reviewed here. If you are one to require evidence that HRV or readiness scores are linked to health outcomes, you may not even want to look. The companies make it hard to turn them off! Let me end with the companies that make and sell wearables. Apple’s doubling down on HRV (24-fold more reporting and heart rate very 5 seconds) and introduction of a Readiness score tells us that consumers have bought into these metrics and they are joining the club. However, all of this is occurring with a backdrop of tens millions of users, claims about the data that are not backed up by adequate evidence, marketing way out in front of whatever limited data exists, and not being transparent about their readiness score algorithms. The companies can well afford to do the research that is needed to connect these metrics with health outcomes show, once and for all, that increasing HRV or using readiness scores promotes our health. If they believed and invested in the products they are selling, we’d not be in this position of not knowing. That’s essentially where we are with HRV and readiness scores. Perhaps someday this will change and we’ll have good reason to embrace them. NB: I wrote this post. No AI. I have no conflicts of interest with any of its content. Loading... Ground Truths has 215,000 subscribers from every US state and 214 countries. 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