SCROLL NEWS / DISCOVERY
Search headlines
Find the stories shaping the conversation.
Results for " wm " 5,166 found 🔀 AI-powered Shuffle
SC sitting in ‘Stroke Belt’, Health officials urge residents to watch for risk
Health Officials in South Carolina ask residents to be mindful of stroke risks in the state.
NY still hasn’t passed organ transplant protections for people with disabilities
In New York, lawmakers have spent nearly a decade trying to add more specific protections to state law.
Money and politics play a role in public education curriculum gaining popularity in Texas
As Texas lawmakers put more restrictions on what is approved for the classroom, one expert told ABC13 that one curriculum has a clear advantage.
The total eclipse in Spain, in pictures
The astronomical event crossed the Iberian Peninsula on Wednesday, with totality visible only along a narrow west-to-east corridor
Albion reject Derby bid for midfielder Mowatt
West Bromwich Albion reject a bid for midfielder Alex Mowatt from fellow Championship club Derby County, reports BBC Radio WM.
‘The Amazing Race’ season 39 cast features a 2-time World Cup champion
The ‘Amazing Race’ season 39 cast has been revealed, and it features a two-time World Cup champ. Also, a new twist has been added to the game.
Washington County Fair kicks off with five days of agriculture, entertainment
NBC 10 WJAR is the news, sports and weather leader for Providence, Rhode Island and surrounding communities, including Cranston, Pawtucket, Woonsocket, Warwick, Newport, Bristol and Narragansett, Rhode Island and Attleboro, North Attleborough, Swansea, Fall River, Taunton and New Bedford, Massachusetts.
Peggy Flanagan wins Senate primary in Minnesota, notching another victory for progressive Democrats
Flanagan defeated centrist Rep. Angie Craig with a pledge to fight the influence of corporations and confront Republican President Donald Trump.
Shoulder-fired missile threat prompted Trump’s plane ruse, source says
A specific threat to Air Force One by a shoulder-fired missile emerged on the final day of last month’s NATO summit in Turkey, according to a person familiar with the matter, prompting the scramble among US officials to devise the furtive plan to sneak President Donald Trump out of the country on an alternate jet.
NV lawmakers mull maternal health protections for '27 session, punt on child welfare funding fix
Nevada state lawmakers are considering a wide-range of health-related policies in the next year’s legislative session that includes implementing a slate of maternal health protections in a “momnibus” bill, bolstering efforts to investigate Medicaid insurance fraud, and reducing reporting requirements for state health agencies. Also at Tuesday’s interim Health and Human Services committee meeting, discussion […]
Tom Brady, Bill Belichick, and the risky business of second acts
The Patriots’ former QB and coach have mutated in ways that are starting to obscure — maybe even tarnish — their twin legacies as the greatest of all time at their respective positions.
Rep. John Larson, a Longtime Lawmaker, Loses a Primary in Connecticut
In an upset, Luke Bronin, the former mayor of Hartford, won the Democratic nomination, capitalizing on calls for generational change.
CBS Sports president says there’s no timeline for a decision on Tony Romo’s future
CBS Sports president David Berson said Tuesday he does not have a timeline for a decision about Tony Romo’s future.
What to watch in primaries in Wisconsin and Minnesota and beyond
The left vs. center theme is on display in Democratic primaries in multiple states voting Tuesday, with other significant races in places like Alabama and South Carolina.
Live Results: Connecticut midterm primaries
Two veteran Democratic incumbents in Connecticut face strong challenges in a state primary on Tuesday.
Fueled by national movement, democratic socialist shakes up Wisconsin's governor's race
A democratic socialist is trying to rise above the governor’s endorsed candidate in Wisconsin’s chaotic primary race for governor.
Live Results: Vermont midterm primaries
Vermont Democrats will try on Tuesday to do something they’ve been unable to do in five previous attempts: nominate a gubernatorial candidate who can beat the Republican governor.
We’re reading less. And it’s making us stupid
Books have never been trendier, but studies show that as more and more things compete for our frazzled attention spans, we’re reading less and less. This is a problem because reading has a wealth of cognitive benefits that we’re in danger of missing out on.To find out why declining literacy could affect everything from memory to IQ, Madeleine Finlay speaks to the Guardian’s science editor, Ian Sample. She also hears from Prof Falk Huettig, an experimental psychologist at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics and author of The Perks of Being a Bookworm
CBU receives $6.2 million gift to strengthen Business Education, renames school
Christian Brothers University has received a $6.2 million gift from philanthropists in efforts to strengthen the University’s School of Business.
Unc’s Pizza opens for business in downtown Detroit
Detroit’s Capitol Park neighborhood in the city’s downtown has a new local spot for Detroit-style pizza.
John Hinckley Jr. shares a message for Jodie Foster in rare interview (exclusive)
What John Hinckley Jr. wants to say to Jodie Foster, more than 40 years after he attempted to assassinate President Reagan.
Siouxland Business Spotlight: Hall Monument
Siouxland Business Spotlight host Amy Nilles spoke with Susan Lindgen from Hall Monument to discuss the company’s services.
Siouxland Business Spotlight: Siouxland Community Health Center
Siouxland Business Spotlight host Amy Nilles spoke with Dena Neiman from Siouxland Community Health Center to discuss the company’s services.
Siouxland Business Spotlight: Catholic Charities
Siouxland Business Spotlight host Amy Nilles spoke with Nate Phillips from Catholic Charities to discuss the services they provide to the community.
Mizzou discovery could change how scientists measure the universe
Study challenges a decades-old assumption used by astronomers to estimate the mass and evolution of distant galaxies.
Monumental, Capital One renew arena naming-rights deal for two more decades
Monumental Sports and Entertainment and Capital One Arena have extended their arena naming rights deal for two more decades.
Trump loves data centers. Americans hate them
If there’s a true populist issue built for our time, it might be opposition to AI data centers. Lawmakers and candidates from both parties across states are increasingly positioning themselves as critics of data center proliferation. And recent primary results suggest it’s a pretty potent issue.
After GOP stalls confirmation, Gov. Stein moves NC public safety chief to new job
This comes after lawmakers passed a bill adding a way for the Senate to thwart a Cabinet appointee.
82 northeast Minnesota businesses sign letter to lawmakers requesting wildfire relief funds
The letter comes after Gov. Walz said there would not be a special session held to address the economic impacts of the fire.
ICYMI: Bernhard Capital Partners to acquire Virginia engineering firm
Baton Rouge-based private equity firm Bernhard Capital Partners has agreed to acquire Reston, Virginia, engineering and infrastructure services firm Bowman Consulting Group Ltd. in an all-cash transac… Already an INSIDER? Sign in. Already an INSIDER? Sign in
Oregon lawmakers condemn reported attack against Sen. Janeen Sollman
Sen. Janeen Sollman was reportedly verbally and physically accosted by a man on Aug. 8, prompting bipartisan condemnation of political violence.
Gavin Newsom's 'hidden climate tax' hitting Americans nationwide, lawmaker warns
Rep. Vince Fong targets the EPA-authorized vessel at berth regulation that lets California levy massive penalties on cargo ships docked at its ports.
Bernhard Capital Partners strikes $1B deal to acquire Virginia engineering firm
Baton Rouge-based private equity firm Bernhard Capital Partners has agreed to acquire Reston, Virginia, engineering and infrastructure services firm Bowman Consulting Group Ltd. in an all-cash transac… Already an INSIDER? Sign in. Already an INSIDER? Sign in
Chrissy Metz Talks '& Juliet' and New Music, Shares Health Update
Chrissy Metz, “This is Us” and “The Hunting Wives” star, joins TODAY to open up for the first time about her decision to use GLP-1 medication and announce her new partnership with health care company Ro. Metz details why she was originally skeptical around weight loss drugs, shares how the medication has improved her life, dishes on performing in “& Juliet” and teases new music in the works.
What the Senate did and didn’t get done in the final hours before recess
Before leaving Saturday, lawmakers confirmed President Trump’s attorney general pick and passed a spending bill.
Live updates: Trump shifts U.S. approach on Iran
Get live updates and the latest news as Trump shifts the U.S. approach to ending the Iran war and another GOP lawmakers says Rep. Max Miller should resign of the allegations against him are true.
Trump’s foreign licensing business booms to $59.5 million as Gulf developers pay
Nearly two-thirds of Trump’s foreign licensing fees came from two Gulf developers, in the UAE and Qatar, including one pursuing a $20 billion U.S. expansion.
USF College of Marine Science receives $1.5 million to improve coastal hazard forecasting research
The funding is part of a spending package enacted back in February, aiming to support seven different projects on all three USF campuses.
At colleges, the AI boom means everyone wants to dabble in computer science
Hiring for entry-level software developers has slowed, and college enrollment in computer science is declining. However, interest in artificial intelligence is growing among students from non-tech majors. Schools like VCU
Week-long Black-owned business celebration kicks off in Madison
Sunday the annual Madison Black Restaurant Week kicked off with a $5 food jamboree. Events will continue on Park Street throughout the week.
California Forever hopes for last minute help from state lawmakers, Gov. Newsom
The developers of a new, proposed town called California Forever have been struggling to get it started and are now hoping to get some last-minute help from state lawmakers and the governor to move it forward.
California Politics 360 full episode | CA Forever asks lawmakers to help move project forward
The backers of a new proposed town called California Forever are asking lawmakers to cut regulations to attract a major business to the area to help with development.
As Trump drastically rolls back rules for Head Start, some Republicans are wary
GOP Sens. Lisa Murkowski, Jim Justice and Thom Tillis are among the lawmakers signaling reservations at the idea of a preschool program overhaul.
Microsoft accidentally rolled out a OneDrive app to everyone's PCs, and there's no simple way to fix it
Microsoft didn't mean to spread the app as far as it did.
Positive outlook for cattle business as summer business meeting concludes
With optimism for the cattle business remaining strong, nearly 700 cattle producers from across the country gathered in Colorado, for the Cattle Industry Summer Business Meeting.
Fauci contempt vote reflects the enduring politics of COVID
Republican lawmakers and Secretary of Health RFK Jr. continue to scrutinize the legacy of COVID-19, recently voting to hold retired immunologist Anthony Fauci in contempt after his refusal to testify before a Senate committee.
Blu-ray 4K UHD will be the end of physical media formats
There will be need to worry about upgrading those collections
Dan Graziano on Vikings Quarterbacks & Brian Flores' Strong Defense
ESPN's National NFL Inside Dan Graziano talked with Vikings Entertainment Network's Tatum Everett about quarterbacks J.J. McCarthy and Kyler Murray and Defensive Coordinator Brian Flores' strong defense at 2026 Vikings Training Camp.
What's the difference between sweet potatoes and yams?
Here are the main differences between yams and sweet potatoes and how to tell them apart.
New CSS Attacks Can Break Webmail Defenses to Steal Passwords and Tokens
Outlook CSS techniques can spoof Microsoft sign-in and capture passwords, while Gmail image-set() can trigger external requests from malicious email c
Scientists create OnlyFans account for marmots to fund research
UCLA professor Daniel Blumstein and his team started an OnlyFans account to raise money for their research amid government funding cuts
Teachers and other state employees brace for possible health insurance increase
In what was a historic year for education funding in Oklahoma, lawmakers didn’t seem to prepare for a major insurance cost increase set to hit next year.
NC House GOP leader blasts State Health Plan’s new network. Others have concerns
NC lawmakers are “alarmed” by the new network, Majority Leader Brenden Jones says.
Leslie Jones reveals the ‘SNL’ host the entire cast thought would bomb
Leslie Jones is name-dropping the ‘SNL’ host who was ‘f---ing up so bad’ during rehearsals that the entire cast thought it’d be ‘one of the worst shows ever.’
DELTONA Inks With The Core Entertainment & WME
Country rock trio DELTONA has signed with The Core Entertainment for management and WME for [...]
Trump unbound: the making of an imperial presidency
Donald Trump’s second term is unlike his first. The politicians who challenged him are gone. The lawyers who once pushed back now choose their battles. What remains is an imperial president with almost no internal checks - using executive power to reshape everything from the economy to immigration and even the presidency itself.
House Democrats Demand Answers From Trump’s VA on Vets Struggling to Access Mental Healthcare
A letter from Democratic lawmakers to VA Secretary Doug Collins cites a recent ProPublica investigation that found hundreds of therapists have left the agency and vets often aren’t getting the help they need.
AI found a weakness in one of the world's most studied encryption systems — is your data under threat?
No, AI hasn't cracked the encryption protecting your bank account. But experts say Anthropic's latest research could change how tomorrow's cryptography is tested.
A ‘clown show’ of carpetbaggers and characters has upended a Republican primary in Trump’s backyard
Two scandal-scarred former congressmen from other states. A pair of candidates who once competed against each other in Illinois. An adviser to an Indiana lawmaker and an ex-underwear model imprisoned for his role in the January 6 attack on the US Capitol.
Employee versus entrepreneur mentality: Is the wealth management business 'dying comfortably'?
As the industry logs record-high profits alongside anemic organic growth, it's time to ask whether firms have permanently lost their business development muscle.
Here's what tariffs have cost our small business
If we are uncertain whether tariffs will rise again, we become even more cautious.
Oregon universal health care board punts single-payer report over funding uncertainty
A state board in charge of developing a universal health plan for all Oregonians will delay the release of its final report to lawmakers, citing uncertainty over how to pay for it. The Universal Health Plan Governance Board voted unanimously Thursday morning to extend its deadline to Dec. 1 for its report that will describe […]
Business owner and attorney deliver demand notice to Savannah leaders over liquor license dispute
The owner of a Savannah event venue and her attorney have sent city officials a 14-page legal demand, requesting $500,000 in lost revenue and a formal review of the West Savannah alcohol overlay that has blocked the business from obtaining a liquor license.
Some House Republicans Are Backing a Challenger in Cory Mills’s Re-election Bid
Two Republican lawmakers have endorsed a primary opponent of Representative Cory Mills, who has been accused of assault and is under investigation by the House Ethics Committee.
Squad-backed ‘Tennessee Three’ lawmaker wins House primary in newly redrawn district
Squad-backed 'Tennessee Three' lawmaker Justin Pearson won the Democrat primary in Tennessee's redrawn 9th Congressional District after redistricting split the Memphis-area district.
PHOTOS: Blueberry festival weekend drives influx of visitors to South Haven businesses
The National Blueberry Festival began Thursday in South Haven, bringing visitors to local farms and businesses.
Stanford researchers land NIH grant to advance intraoperative molecular imaging technique
The team is looking to advance the development of a molecular imaging agent that can guide lung cancer surgery in real time.
Hemp bill and others left up in the air as N.C. lawmakers go on break
NC state lawmakers go on 3 month break, leaving some legislation not passed and Governor Josh Stein's vetoes are left alone, for now.
Springfield Business Journal: Children's Mercy with Mercy plans December opening for O'Reilly Pediatric Center
By Geoff PickleMembers of the media yesterday were invited to a sneak peek of the O’Reilly Pediatric Center, a joint project between Mercy Springfield Communities and Kansas City-based Children’s Mercy.The pediatric outpatient center is located on Mercy's south campus that also includes its orthopedic hospital and a new emergency room. The...
MN wildfires: Businesses push Walz, lawmakers for recovery package
Northeastern Minnesota businesses struggling amid the wildfires burning the Boundary Waters are pushing Governor Walz and state lawmakers to move forward with a special session to pass an economic recovery package.
Former NCCU Director of Athletics Dr. Wicker McCree Named Women Leaders in Sports Nike Lifetime Achievement Honoree
Durham, N.C. - Former North Carolina Central Director of Athletics Dr. Ingrid Wicker McCree, who retired from NC Central after 30 years of service as a coach and administrator in 2021, was announced as a Nike Lifetime Achievement Award honoree by Women Leaders in Sports on Tuesday.
Corporate consistency wins
Americans are increasingly practical and appear skeptical of companies that react to the political moment.
For college students, a school’s state politics can matter as much as its academics
Students are looking beyond the usual admissions rankings and tuition prices to consider whether a campus reflects their rights and values.
Which type of thinker are you? + US explosive diarrhoea outbreak
Madeleine Finlay is joined by Ian Sample, Guardian science editor, to discuss three eye-catching science stories including an investigation that has identified four distinct types of thinker. Also on the agenda is the unprecedented cyclosporiasis outbreak in the US which has now been linked to two fatalities, and the funding cuts that threaten the iconic Jodrell Bank world heritage site, home to the Lovell telescope
As AI 'therapists' dish out advice, California lawmakers try to set some limits
A new bill would stop companies from marketing chatbots as therapy and force stricter oversight of AI in mental health care — as a labor union wages a parallel fight against Kaiser Permanente.
BP to sell landfill RNG business Archaea Energy
The energy major announced it’s marketing Archaea amid a strategic pivot to streamline its business. BP’s $4.1 billion acquisition of Archaea four years ago stands as a high water mark in the RNG industry.
New York City lawmaker accused of using government staff for political fundraising
The accusations, outlined in a formal whistleblower complaint, come as concerns about wrongdoing in New York City government remain heightened.
El-Sayed victory may bring a progressive doc to Senate
It also elevates health care in a key Senate race.
Congressional probe promised answers on Epstein. A year later, frustrations are mounting
Last summer, when lawmakers launched their Jeffrey Epstein investigation, it came with an ambitious promise: to pull back the curtain on decades of failed federal probes, secure the full release of long-withheld files and provide a public accounting of how the late pedophile evaded accountability for so long.
France is banning unsolicited telemarketing calls starting next week
Stories you may have missed from the world of business.
SEC in support of Protect College Sports Act after negotiations with lawmakers
A vote on a federal law to set guidelines for college athletes’ Name, Image and Likeness (NIL) could come as soon as this week.
GOP lawmakers keep trying to defang voters in their own states
The big headline out of Tuesday’s primaries was the slim victory of former public health official Abdul El-Sayed in Michigan’s Democratic Senate primary — proof that progressives are ascendant in the party, even in a key swing state.
DHS: Mass. lawmakers putting ‘politics above public safety’ with signing of Protect Act
DHS is slamming Massachusetts lawmakers after Gov. Healey signed the Protect Act into law, which limits ICE’s capabilities, saying Bay State politicians are “putting politics above public safety.”
This chaplain may become first trans person elected to Michigan legislature
Joanna Whaley is favored to win the heavily Democratic district in November.
Sanofi suspends chronic lung disease phase 2 study, tied to ‘strategic business reasons’
Sanofi halted a phase 2 trial testing a monoclonal antibody, SAR445399, in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis, Fierce Biotech has learned. The trial, which began only back in April, was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to measure the reduction in mucus plug score following treatment with SAR445399 compared with placebo in adults aged 18 to 80 years with NCFB, a chronic lung disease. The trial was officially reported as halted on July 29, the day before Sanofi’s second-quarter earnings call. The decision to pause the trial was made “as part of a company-wide portfolio review for strategic business reasons,” and not due to safety concerns, a Sanofi spokesperson told Fierce. The move to pause the NCFB trial comes during a trying time for Sanofi following a year filled with a series of trial fails. In February, the French pharma ousted CEO Paul Hudson and appointed Merck KGaA leader Belén Garijo, M.D., Ph.D., to steer the ship. Since then, Garijo has been doing a deep dive on correcting the company’s strewn R&D and clinical strategies. On July 24, Sanofi scrapped amlitelimab for atopic dermatitis, despite its lore as being a potential $5 billion blockbuster. During its second-quarter report, the company abandoned two more assets, balinatunfib and itepekimab, following failed trial results in psoriasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively. SAR445399, only first revealed by Sanofi in 2023, is an anti-interleukin-1 receptor 3 monoclonal antibody developed to block the interleukin 1, 33, and 36 cytokine pathways. These pathways can be important in chronic immune-related dermatologic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and hidradenitis suppurativa, as well as respiratory conditions, such as NCFB. Related Sanofi’s new CEO ‘looking deeply’ at late-stage pipeline as clinical clearout continues NCFB affects roughly half a million people in the U.S., with a global incidence of greater than one million cases. In August 2025, Insmed received FDA approval for Brinsupri, a DPP1 inhibitor targeting neutrophil activation, for treatment of NCFB in adults and kids ages 12 and older. The British biotech Infex Therapeutics showed promising NCFB phase 2a data using their monoclonal antibody, INFEX702, which acts by disabling Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacteria known to be a major pathogen of NCFB. Sanofi is currently running a separate phase 2 study testing SAR445399 as a potential treatment for the inflammatory skin condition hidradenitis suppurativa.
Republican voters reluctant to abandon Rep. Max Miller over abuse allegations
The Ohio Republican, who has denied any wrongdoing, has pledged to stay in his race for a third term.
Republicans move to oust embattled Florida GOP lawmaker in bitter primary fight
Reps. Cory Mills, Chuck Edwards and Max Miller face misconduct allegations that now threaten GOP control of Congress heading into midterms. Edwards has dropped his campaign.
‘Wizards of Waverly Place’ actor slams revival for not inviting original cast back ahead of finale
‘Wizards Beyond Waverly Place’ released its final episodes on Tuesday, and original star David DeLuise has called it out.
Where AI meets ethics: new interdisciplinary minor blends computer science and philosophy
This story originally appeared on the website of the College of Arts & Sciences – Ed. As artificial intelligence becomes increasingly woven into everyday life, William & Mary is expanding opportunities for students to understand not only how AI works, but how it should be used. Guided by the university’s spirit of the ampersand — […]
Chartbook 464 The"China squeeze" - the politics of development counterfactuals.
There are three types of China shock discourse. Each has a distinct temporal register. China shock 1.0 was a phrase coined by US academics in the 2010s to retrospectively summarize the impact on particular US labour markets, which they identified through painstaking empirical investigation. China shock 2.0 on everyone’s lips in Europe in the mid 2020s is an alarm raised by trans-Atlantic policy thinkers warning of a coming disaster which they project onto Europe’s ailing car industry. The third type of China shock discourse - commonly known as the “China squeeze” launched most recently by Indian economists Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian in the pages of Foreign Affairs - mobilizes a different, more speculative temporal register: the counterfactual realm of alternate history. The China squeeze argument asks not what has happened, or what is going to happen, but what might have been. Specifically, what options for economic development might have been open to Global South economies like India or the economies of sub-Saharan Africa, had it not been for China’s spectacular industrialization since the late 1990s and the persistent competitiveness of China’s manufacture in low-skilled segments. Chatterjee and Subramanian’s argument is that whilst China has built a powerful position in electrical machinery and other high-skill manufacturing, which is now delivering China Shock 2.0, it also continues to run a trade surplus in low-skill, labour-intensive manufacturing. This surplus is large and has remained largely unchanged in fifteen years. Indeed, in the 2010s, in trade with low-income countries, China’s surplus rapidly increased. On their reading, this squeezes low-income producers in low-skill sectors in which they “should” be able to compete. Source: “China’s Mercantilist Squeeze on Developing Countries” Shoumitro Chatterjee and Arvind Subramanian. Peterson Institute for International Economics 26-7 May 2026 Chatterjee and Subramanian’s wording is telling: (emphasis mine) The canonical trajectory of economic development in the post-World War II period is for countries to transition from agriculture to manufacturing, first in low-skilled manufacturing and then later on to high-skill manufacturing (Herrendorf, Rogerson, and Valentinyi 2013). At the global level, this implies that high-income countries (HICs) that once specialized in low-skilled activities cede manufacturing export space to poorer countries that come along to occupy that space. In 1965, advanced economies accounted for about 60 percent of global value-added exports in four key low-skilled manufacturing sectors, i.e., apparel, leather, textiles, and footwear. Over time this share declined and began to be occupied first by the East Asian tigers and, beginning in the late 1990s, by China. Today China accounts for about 50 percent of the global market. The question is whether China, with its rising prosperity, is continuing to behave like its richer counterparts and ceding export space to poorer followers or to behave unlike them and continuing to occupy space. In terms of the conceptual maneuvers it performs, of the three China shock discourses, the “China squeeze” argument is by far the most ambitious. After all, it bases its critique of China on a counterfactual imagining of the world. Like any counterfactual argument, to construct this alternative reality it must rely on a heuristic model. To make their argument Chatterjee and Subramanian mobilize two key claims. The first reference point is the actual history of rich-country industrialization, what they refer to as the “canonical path”. The idea is that countries transition from agriculture to light industry and low-skilled manufacturing and from there up the value chain. To make this useful as a standard of comparison and a means to construct a normative standard, they adjust sectoral export shares for two factors: 1. the underlying level of economic development of the exporting country, as measured by national income and 2. the degree to which the sector in question is internationalized. The idea being that for a high income country to have a high export share in low-skill sectors is anomalous and even more so if that particular product is highly internationalized and thus suitable for being “conceded” to lower-income competitors. Where should this process end? Here Chatterjee and Subramanian introduce their second benchmark. Their normative idea of a global development path is one in which, in due course, low-skill manufacturing exports are distributed in proportion to a country’s share in the global labour force. They imagine, in other words, a world of proportional, polycentric global development without much national specialization in low-skill manufacturing. A useful benchmark is that, in labor-intensive manufacturing sectors, a country’s share of world exports should be broadly commensurate with its share of the world’s low-skilled labor endowment. … In the Heckscher-Ohlin model, this would be true if value added per worker and export propensities, i.e., fraction of output that is exported, are the same across countries. It is this pleasant liberal vista of orderly global development, progressing towards a general distribution of low-skilled manufacturing against which they judge reality and conclude that the low-income countries are suffering a “China squeeze”. China is not exiting low-skill sectors fast enough Allowing for its gdp level and the degree of globalization, China’s share of low-skill manufacturing exports is far higher than it “should” be. Relative to population, its low-skill share of exports is far too high. That in turn yields the conclusion that huge numbers of jobs - the authors suggest tens of millions - are being hoarded by China. For the four sectors captured in figure 4, this excess in value-added exports is $110 billion in 2022. For all low-skilled sectors overall captured in appendix figure D.1, excess value-added exports amount to $365 billion. The crowding out of LMIC exports by China is therefore substantial. Both these claims have in common that they are strong structuralisms. The first is that development paths ought to resemble each other. The second is that broadly speaking as far as low-skilled manufacturing is concerned, all countries are alike. If the world currently diverges from the distribution of trade implied by these assumptions, if China is not following the advanced economy path and has huge exports, this must be the result of “policy”, which the authors then put in question as illegitimate or unfair. Thus the naturalistic construction of a canonical path leading to a “level” distribution of low-skilled manufacturing reveals itself to be a polemical tool. From the point of view of China shock polemics, this discourse is no doubt welcome. But as an account of economic history, it must surely be regarded as nothing short of bamboozling. Development paths do not follow a regular, natural sequence. As David Fishman put it aptly, “development is not a queue”. They are always and everywhere, through and through political. Development is not so much a process, as a project. Each such project is more or less well adjusted to its context. As Gerschenkron taught uneven and combined development implies differentiation rather than simple imitation on a single parth. It may be true that Europe and the US exited relatively early from low-skill work. But clearly technology has changed. As C&S themselves point out, China no longer enjoys a low wage environment. Do they really believe that such huge differences can be accounted for either by industrial policy, which as they admit does not operate powerfully in low-skill sectors, or by exchange rate manipulation? What is overwhelmingly dominant in explaining the persistence of “low-skill” manufacturing in China are surely the network effects of complex supply chains. Indeed the label of “low-skill” may miss the point. The degree of globalization which Chatterjee and Subramanian decide to conjure away in their model of the development path - to allow for the fact that Europe and American textiles exporters did not enjoy just-in-time logistics in the 1950s - obscures the point that the networks through which Chinese factories supply the world are themselves key parts of the low-skill industrialization project. China isn’t knocking out 1970s style “cheap”. It has redefined the entire product cycle. C&S’s casual reference to “T-shirts” is telling. In today’s “fast fashion”, there is weight on both terms. Fashion and fast. China’s success in delivering on both at unprecedentedly high speed and at unprecedentedly low cost, isn’t a low-skill operation at all. If we see development trajectories not as the serial repetition of the same, but as distinctive, crafted projects that cumulate in complex agglomerations of skill, technology and labor, then this explains why the assumption that low-skilled manufacturing should follow the distribution of population flies in the face of all experience. As countless cases attest, low-wage, low-income developed economies are not by themselves the makings of a competitive production base. As Leon Liao puts it quite fairly: “International trade has never been allocated according to population. A country’s population gives it no natural claim to an equivalent share of global exports." And the remarkable fact is that Subramanian alone and with co-authors has long been making this point, not to pillory China, as is the case of the tendentious _Foreign Affair_s and Peterson pieces, but to highlight the great counterpart to China’s industrial success, namely India’s relative failure. The much-quoted Foreign Affairs piece showed low-skill export shares only for China, not for India. If you put both countries in the picture as Chaterjee and Subramanian have done on other occasions, the picture looks like this. China is far above the line, but India, almost as large in terms of population, is no less anomalous, just in the opposite direction. As far as global populations are concerned, and the imagining of tens of millions of “squeezed” jobs, it is this Sino-Indian pair that account for a huge share of the action. What this graph reveals is not China’s cheating, but India’s “greatest development failure”, at least this is the argument made Arvind Subramanian, this time in co-authorship with Devesh Kapur, in their major book, A Sixth of Humanity. Independent India’s Development Odyssey which appeared with Oxford University Press earlier this year. In this highly critical work on India’s development, China is repeatedly evoked, not to criticize but as a benchmark against which to illuminate what India’s political economy has not delivered i.e. large-scale formal employment for hundreds of millions of citizens. Kapur and Subramanian leave no doubt, if you want to understand why China, not India was the main driver of manufacturing globalization from the 1980s, don’t look to slots opening up in the division of labour thanks to the liberal mindedness of advanced economies, look to the contrasting political economy of the Maoist PRC and India’s post-independence political economy. As Kapur and Subramian note: The great divergence between China and India did not begin in 1978 with the Deng reforms—it was well underway by then. In one of the great ironies of modern history, the conditions created by Maoism turned out to be a great launching pad for industrial globalization. As the comparison of India and China in 1980 makes clear, to imagine manufacturing would be equally distributed when populations are so differently endowed in terms of educational and nutritional is fanciful. Here is the data from Kapur and Subramanian, data which I explored back at the very beginning of Chartbook. As Kapur and Subramanian insist, the striking fact is that even as India’s growth accelerated from the 1980s, structural change has not. Formal employment in India lags woefully behind. Why? As Kapur and Subramanian note, the path-dependent impact of India’s poor early start was devastating. The list of factors they mention is long and weighty: We argue for a new five-fold explanation applicable at different stages of Indian history: in the initial stages, the legacy of two key pre-1980s policies, the neglect of agriculture and the strangling of the domestic private sector, were critical. The failure of broad-based agricultural growth militated against rural industrialization, which would have been devoted to satisfying local needs that would have necessarily been labour intensive. Then, when the boom came after 1980, the thicket of regulation and broader labour protections that were legislated prematurely in a nascent democracy, underpinned by a deep ideological aversion to private capital in general and big capital specifically, became a barrier to attaining the size that would be necessary to compete globally. Similarly, the reforms after 1991, while wide-ranging, did not quite encompass non-tradeable inputs critical to manufacturing, namely, land, logistics infrastructure and power. A combination of low investment (logistics infrastructure), regulation (land) and the continued monopoly supply by state governments (power), combined with residual socialism, kept costs at 75–100 per cent above efficient supply. These factors were compounded on the supply side by the government, which dominated the formal labour market and established exorbitantly high wages at the lower end of the skill spectrum. This made their employment in the labour-intensive sector by the private sector less attractive. Finally, when the services sector and its exports boomed, wages soared even further via a Dutch Disease effect: one successful tradeable sector killed and cannibalized another less-skilled tradable sector, namely, manufacturing. Thus, scarcity-inducing policies of the planning era, precocious democracy and a Gandhian aversion to size; inefficient, monopolistic supply of critical non-tradable inputs; the behemoth of government; and super-successful skill-intensive services successively undermined India’s unskilled labour employment opportunities. The employment failure seems to have been over-determined. … Less quantifiable but no less important are some of the sociological factors that have undermined manufacturing and factory jobs. Take the impact of the success of the IT sector—located in urban areas with better working conditions, such as air-conditioned offices, good schools for children and attractive entertainment options. It became a more attractive place for engineering and management graduates to flock to. … Consider manufacturing and female employment. Indian society makes it difficult for women to work, reflected in India’s unusually low female labour force participation (elaborated in Chapter XIII). Indian society, in particular the routine harassment of women in public spaces, makes it even more difficult for them to travel long distances to take up work.37 Combined with onerous regulations on creating hostels and dormitories for women—which, in turn, prevents multiple shifts of operation—factories need to be located in areas with a large female labour pool. While firms can take apparel plants to female labour or bring them to the plants by building large-scale dormitories, this raises costs. If there was a case for subsidies to encourage labour-intensive manufacturing, housing subsidies to build dormitories for women workers would be a good place to start. All of this meant, that when opportunities did open up, in part thanks to adjustments in China, India was in no position to take advantage. Here is the account of the 2020s from Kapur and Subramanian. It stands in dizzying contrast to the one-sided, “China squeeze” argument delivered in the Peterson and Foreign Affairs pieces: In 2022, for example, India’s share of global exports in clothing (the canonical labour-intensive sector) was 3.1 per cent compared to 32 per cent for China. This is extremely disappointing because China started vacating export space in this sector after the Global Financial Crisis as its wages started rising; it then vacated further space in the aftermath of geopolitical developments that led investors to seek alternative investment locations. Between its peak and today, China lost about 7.5 percentage points of global export share (worth about $43 billion in 2022); over this period, India’s export share remained stagnant at 3 per cent, while that of Vietnam and Bangladesh rose by 3.5 to 4 percentage points. China’s loss did not translate into any gain for India in terms of low-skill exports and employment. Put differently, when the conditions for dynamism and prosperity were established after 1991, and even more tantalizingly when the global export opportunities opened up, it was as if India was a high-wage economy and only skilled labour could benefit from the dynamism. It had converted its physically abundant unskilled workforce into an economically expensive resource, penalizing its use. It is not my mission here to argue for or against Kapur and Subramanian’s interpretation of India’s development trajectory. The point in this context is simply that the “China squeeze” such as it is can only be understood, in relation to the heavy burden of domestic constraints that Kapur and Subramanian so unsparingly enumerate. I am concentrating here on India because it is the great counterpart to China and the unspoken reference point of the “China squeeze” discourse. But the point is more general. Can anyone with a straight face suggest that the main problems afflicting the development of South Africa or Nigeria, the great centers of mass underemployment in sub-saharan Africa, are cheap competition from China driven by Beijing’s industrial policy and an undervalued RMB? Likewise, is the main problem of the American working-class the threat of Chinese competition or the manifest crisis of social reproduction in the United States itself? The point here, as in the discourse around China shock 2.0 in Europe, is to insist that we should not normalize the world and pathologize China, without actually investigating what is going on in America’s industrial wastelands, the German car industry, or India’s lopsided labour market. One-sided pathologization should be understood for what it is, a polemical gesture. Concepts like China shock and China squeeze are, what Reinhart Koselleck, following Carl Schmitt, would have described as “asymmetrische Kampfbegriffe”, or “asymmetrical counter-concepts” or “asymmetrical combat concepts”. If the function of arguments like the “China squeeze” is to alert elites in the rest of the world of the need to rejuvenate and energize their development projects, so be it. But let us see the resulting discourses as the mobilizing interventions that they are. Interestingly, a significant slice of China’s public sphere - the so-called industrial party - have been obsessed for the last twenty years with precisely these questions of counterfactual economic history. Since the mid 2000s, a massive online discourse developed around an alternative history in which Chinese techno-patriots were asked to imagine how they would proceed if they had the possibility of traveling back in time to transport modern technology into the Ming dynasty (1368-1644) thus averting the “great divergence” of the 18th and 19th centuries. It is a fantasy of course, but also a goad. The point was not directed at Westerners. The alternate history is dramatically nationalist, but few n the West had even heard of it until recently. The adherents of the industrial party are not liberal moralists. They don’t project natural ladders of international development and ask why others don’t cede space. They take the Realpolitik of global economic development for granted. Their pointe was directed against fellow Chinese. The rallying cry of the alternative narrative was this: Now that we are beginning to gain steam and push forward on our national development path, now that we are breaking out of the inferior position assigned to us even in the early years following WTO accession, do not lose yourself in humanistic imaginings about better futures. In the spirit of Deng, they called on China to embrace the hard truth of development. Perhaps one might of the Industrial Party as a cultural trend born out of desire for symbolic revenge against those who had inflicted the century of humiliation. In terms of the various temporalities of the “China shock” - retrospective, prospective and counterfactual - one might think of the Industrial Policy discourse as truly speculative, conjuring up the China shock that never was. Or perhaps one might better think of it as imagining a world in which a powerful China was no shock at all, but simply a defining fact of modern history. I love putting out Chartbook. I am particularly pleased that it goes out for free to thousands of subscribers around the world. But, writing this newsletter takes a lot of work. If you are enjoying it and would like to support the project, sign up for one of the subscription options here. It is the equivalent of a fancy cup of coffee per month! Subscribe
How rising healthcare costs are impacting schools on Long Island and across the country
School districts have seen annual increases of 10% or more in health insurance premium costs, said Bob Vecchio, executive director of the Nassau-Suffolk School Boards Association.
Mountain West, Pac-12 finalize settlement over 'poaching' and exit fees
The Pac-12 and some of new the schools joining the conference filed a lawsuit in California in 2024, claiming the poaching clause the league agreed to when it signed a
The Pixel 10 gets the spotlight in Google's August update
It fixes several GPU-related issues
North Carolina lawmakers push hemp restrictions as Asheville business warns of impact
Minding Your Business- Bill Hanney’s Entertainment Experience
“It is just incredible! We went all out,” said Bill Hanney, owner of the brand new entertainment mecca on Cape Cod: Bill Hanney’s Entertainment...
Outdoor rec businesses sought for free business accelerator program
The ActivatOR Outdoor Recreation Growth Accelerator program is aimed at businesses ranging from startups to established companies.
Exclusive | Pete Hegseth Army Chief Pick in Jeopardy Over Republican Objections
Some lawmakers and experts say Gen. Christopher LaNeve lacks experience at the four-star level.