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I'm raising young kids while losing my dad to Alzheimer's
While raising two young children and expecting a third, I'm also helping care for my father as Alzheimer's slowly takes him away.
I asked superager grandpa for advice before starting a family business
My grandfather started a business with his brother 70 years ago. I turned to him before quitting my job and starting a business with my brother.
Father and son row across Pacific Ocean for veteran mental health
British Royal Marine veteran Tim Crockett and his son, Harrison, join 'Fox News @ Night' with Storybones Media CEO Heidi Collins to discuss their efforts to bring awareness to veteran suicide with the film 'Tame the Kraken.'
Why the Backstreet Boys Credit Their Kids With Band’s Longevity
Backstreet Boys declared that "family comes first" as they detailed their fatherhood journeys in an exclusive interview with E! News at The One Party by Uber ahead of Father's Day 2026.
World Cup presenter quits mid-tournament after Lionel Messi controversy
Luzu TV presenter Florencia Pena stepped down after falsely reporting that Lionel Messi's father, Jorge, had died, with the Messi family confirming that Jorge is recovering from a health situation
Father & son hooked on the family business
The father and son duo at Dakota Angler are helping other families get ready for Father’s Day fishing trips.
The science of 'Dad Brain' and how fatherhood changes men
While most scientific research has focused on men, when it comes to parenthood, it's all about mothers. But new research shows that men undergo profound changes biologically and psychologically when they become fathers. Horizons moderator William Brangham explores the surprising science of "Dad Brain" with Darby Saxbe.
The Sun may not engulf Earth after all, scientists say
Need some good news on a Friday after a long week? The Earth may not be engulfed by the expanding fireball of the dying sun, which has long been assumed to be our home planet's ultimate fate, according ...
For Father's Day: How becoming a dad changes MLB players' perspectives, on and off the field
Prince William as a father: dad-dancing and other relatable moments
Prince William, heir to the British throne, lives a privileged life that is alien to most. But when it comes to parenting, the king-in-waiting is rather relatable.
Talking Business with Tony Iannelli: On Father’s Day, a thanks to the fathers and father figures
Tony Iannelli remembers his father, Al, and all the father figures in his life.
Mauricio Pochettino offers 'full support' to Lionel Messi's family following father's health issue
Mauricio Pochettino has sent his best wishes to Lionel Messi and his family following confirmation that the Argentina captain's father has a health problem.
Mauricio Pochettino offers 'full support' to Lionel Messi's family following father's health issue
Mauricio Pochettino has sent his best wishes to Lionel Messi and his family following confirmation that the Argentina captain's father has a health problem.
The science of 'Dad Brain' and how fatherhood changes men
The science of 'Dad Brain' and how fatherhood changes men
Trump’s Fatal Second-Term Mistake: Underestimating Nationalism
In his second term, Trump has underestimated the power of patriotic sentiment in countries besides the United States.
Taking an omega-3 supplement may not boost memory or cognition
Taking an omega-3 fatty acid supplement did not improve memory, cognitive function or brain cell loss for many people, a surprising new study finds.
Lionel Messi’s father undergoing treatment for health issues, family says
Family statement comes two days after an emotional Messi wiped away tears in Argentina's World Cup match against Algeria.
Messi family gives health update on Leo's father, slams invasions of privacy
While the Messi family confirmed that the star player's father is in delicate health, they also slammed those spreading rumors about the situation.
Lionel Messi’s family confirm father Jorge suffering from ‘health issues’
Jorge Messi has played a significant role in his son’s career, having served as his agent and business manager.
The Drug That Bought My Father More Time Didn't Happen by Accident
Behind every medical breakthrough are decades of research — and decisions being made right now could determine which discoveries come next.
Lionel Messi releases statement on father Jorge’s health and criticises media coverage
Messi was pictured in tears following his opening goal at the World Cup
Argentina star Lionel Messi's father Jorge has health issue, family confirm
Argentina star Lionel Messi said on Thursday that his father, Jorge Messi is experiencing a health issue and the family has asked the media to avoid speculation on his situation.
Saving the trees: Decades of work lead to UTC faculty publication in Science
The first American chestnut tree Dr. Hill Craddock ever saw was one he grew himself. He was about 15 years old, working out of a small greenhouse his father built beside their home. A neighbor gave him a handful of chestnut seeds and suggested Craddock try growing them.
Father’s Day Car Show puts wheels in motion
BOISE — Gear up for a weekend with dad and check out the 23rd annual Father’s Day Car Show.
The surprising science of how fatherhood changes the brain
Studies suggest that, like mothers, fathers may undergo a shift in their biology in preparation for and in response to the responsibilities of parenthood.
Zero sugar, more problems? Study reveals surprising gut health effects
A study presented at ENDO 2026 suggests that completely eliminating sugar from a low-fat diet may harm gut health and increase inflammation.
Former employee charged in deadly shooting at business in Lansing, police say
A former employee has been charged with murder in the fatal shooting of another employee at an automotive paint business in the south suburbs earlier this month, police said.
Matthew McConaughey, Woody Harrelson reunite for meta show 'Brothers'
Matthew McConaughey and Woody Harrelson could be brothers from the same father, both in real life and in a new show.
Democratic socialists are on the rise in Trump-era mayoral races
The rise is fueled by a backlash to Trump policies, economic strain and fatigue with the Democratic establishment. A possible win in Washington, D.C., might be next.
Ready for some vegetable-based entertainment this Father’s Day? | Los Gatan
Who’s ready for a day at the races? The legendary Annual Zucchini Car Races are making a comeback. They’re scheduled to return to the Los Gatos Farmers’ Market Sunday, June 21. Landing on Father’s Day, this will be a fun way to bond with the family and work together to design the perfect race car—out […]
Radial Entertainment’s new Blue Ant Media distribution deal
Radial Entertainment, operator of the largest independent catalog of film and television in the industry, today announced a new distri | Radial bought streaming rights to three new true crime series: “History Unsolved: The Investigation Files,” “Last Night Out” and “Fatal First Dates.”
Fairway Bays virtual golf simulation business to open on Father’s Day
Business located in Tioga Town Center.
He fled Iran for the American dream, became a millionaire, and could have retired—instead, he built the health tech that saved his father from cancer
Health tech millionaire escaped Iran with nothing—now he skips lunch, spends $500 a month on carrot juice, and bought his whole team Rolexes.
Deion Sanders' Son Ready To Get His Health Checked After Cancer Survivor Father's New Initiative
Deion Sanders’ health scare began with a routine scan, the kind that most men would rather delay. Fortunately, it caught his bladder cancer early, and now the Colorado head coach is trying to push that lesson onto other men, starting with his eldest son.
75% of fathers feel isolated. Let's talk about mental health for dads
"Many men, especially fathers, ignore their mental health struggles because of pressure to live up to their family’s and society’s expectations to appear in control, invulnerable," writes Andrew Reiner. "Ultimately, this hits men with a double gut punch: It compromises their mental health, and then their mental health symptoms go untreated."
Palmetto Sports Shorts: Buckner Family Legacy
WATCH: Palmetto Sports Director Carmine Gemei speaks with Clemson guard Ace Buckner about his relationship with his Tigers Hall of Fame father Greg Buckner and making his own name.
A Father’s Day Garden - HottyToddy.com - Ole Miss Sports, Oxford Entertainment, Dining & More
A Father’s Day Garden reflects on hard childhood work, summer gardens, and the lessons of discipline, responsibility, and gratitude.
Police: Man charged with beating father after standoff in Shelbyville
A rural Shelbyville man surrendered after a mental health crisis that took place for much of the day on Monday.
Wellesley business buzz: Lockheart to open restaurant at Newton Centre train station; Painting Place readies for Father's Day
Lockheart restaurant, in Wellesley since 2022, readies to open a new location in Newton Centre at train station
Eddie Andelman, known as "godfather of sports radio," dead at 89
Eddie Andelman, a member of the Massachusetts Broadcasters Hall of Fame who is known as the "godfather of sports radio," has died.
Juneteenth, Mumford & Sons, Westcott Art Trail: 18 things to do this week in CNY
A busy week in Central New York culminates with Father's Day and the first day of summer on Sunday.
Science suggests cringeworthy dad jokes may serve a real purpose
Research suggests that humor may play a meaningful role in parenting, and parents, particularly fathers, who use humor report stronger attachments and social bonding with their children.
The quiet, galactic ambitions of Cursor CEO Michael Truell
How the hottest AI coding company navigated its situationship with Anthropic and hitched its fate to Elon Musk's chaotic rocket.
Hernandez, Snell Seen Working Out on Field Amid IL Stints
Los Angeles Dodgers stars Blake Snell and Teoscar Hernandez both worked out on the field at Dodger Stadium on Sunday. Snell has only made one start for the Dodgers this season, missing the beginning of the year with fatigue and…
All Whites' Stamenic aims to do late father proud
Swansea City's Marko Stamenic will be thinking of his inspirational dad as New Zealand begin their World Cup campaign.
Oliver Tree revealed his family won't 'get a penny' after his death, just weeks before his fatal crash
Just weeks before Oliver Tree's death at 32 in a helicopter crash, the 'When I'm Down' singer revealed details of his will, including that his family is not 'going get a penny.'
Occupational Safety and Health Administration is investigating a fatal excavator bucket incident
A 64-year-old Sun Valley man was struck and crushed by an excavator bucket, according to the Storey County Sheriff's Office.
Trump celebrates 80th birthday with Iran deal ahead of UFC fights on White House South Lawn
Trump marked turning 80 on Sunday by hailing an agreement to end the war in Iran hours before a birthday celebration that once would have seemed unfathomable: a cage-fighting show on the South Lawn of the White House.
Trump celebrates 80th birthday with UFC fights while issues loom over his presidency
President Donald Trump marks turning 80 on Sunday with a birthday celebration that once would have seemed unfathomable: a cage-fighting show on the storied South Lawn of the White House.
32-year-old quit teaching and built a fidget-toy business with her dad. It brought in $428,000 last year
Charlie Moreton and Victoria Baumann are the father-daughter duo behind Victoria Essie Studio, which has seen viral success selling 3D-printed fidget toys.
I quit teaching to build a fidget business with my dad—it brings in $428,000/year
Victoria Baumann, 32, and Charlie Moreton, 51, are the father-daughter duo behind Victoria Essie Studio that produces fidget toys and other knickknacks out of their homes in North Carolina. The business averages about 1,500 orders a month, Moreton says. Standard-sized or hand-held fidgets cost between $5 to $30, while life-sized fidgets run $100 to $125.
14 Healthy Father’s Day Gifts Dad Will Actually Use
Looking for healthy Father’s Day gifts? From walking shoes to sleep-friendly gadgets, these 14 ideas can help support your dad’s health.
People taking GLP-1 weight loss drugs like Ozempic started moving less
People taking popular weight-loss drugs such as Ozempic, Wegovy, Mounjaro, and Zepbound may be losing pounds, but they could also be moving less. Researchers analyzing Fitbit data found that daily step counts and exercise levels dropped after people started these medications, despite successful weight loss. Because the drugs can reduce muscle mass along with fat, the decline in physical activity raises concerns about preserving strength and long-term health.
Scientists found a surprising problem with sugar-free diets
A surprising new study suggests that completely eliminating sugar may backfire. Mice on a sucrose-free low-fat diet showed worse blood sugar control, increased inflammation, disrupted gut bacteria, and signs of fatty liver compared with mice that consumed some sucrose. Researchers say the results highlight the importance of a balanced diet and a healthy gut microbiome rather than focusing solely on cutting out sugar.
Prenatal health and early diet may shape fatty liver risk, study suggests
The accumulation of excess fat in the liver is not solely a consequence of the combined effects of hereditary and adult lifestyle-related factors. A new study by researchers at Tampere University and ...
Healthy Dudes & Diapers event gives fathers tools for success
Organizers say the event continues to grow each year.
In Retrospect: Poland, Russia, Europe
In April I spent a few days with Zryw, a Polish non-profit organization that recruits young people to enter politics and public life. Their aim is to build a new generation of civic leaders in Poland. I’ve followed their evolution from the beginning; my son is one of the founders. (“Zryw” means “impulse” or “burst of speed” in Polish). Julie Chmielewska, one of Zryw’s leaders, interviewed me at the event. Here is the conversation, lightly edited for grammar and context: Julia Chmielewska: Assuming that culture shapes institutions, could we conclude that some cultures are more prone to authoritarianism? Anne Applebaum: I don’t think so. Every culture, every nation, and every country has the potential for change. When we look at history, we can see that nations do change. Poland has changed, for example, from the 1980s to today. There’s a completely different mentality here than the one I encountered when I first visited, in 1988. The current generation sees the world through a different frame. So no, I don’t believe that certain nations are doomed to authoritarianism, or to anything. Of course, there are political and cultural traditions, but they can always be challenged. JC: So do you think there’s something intrinsic in human nature that pushes people to democracy, freedom? AA: I think there is something in human nature, a deep instinct, that pushes people towards freedom, yes. People who live in authoritarian countries – and I’ve heard this from them over and over again – sooner or later find themselves angered by a feeling of helplessness. They can see the unfairness of crooked courts, irrational political decisions. They naturally dislike the fact that somebody has all the power while they have none. In those circumstances, people who have no political background at all sometimes are politicized just by that frustration. I’m thinking of Svetlana Tikhanovskaya, for example, who was a Belarusian housewife, until the circumstances of her husband’s arrest forced her to become a politician. I met a woman who is a Uyghur from China, and who had come to live in Turkey. After several of her family members were arrested, she too was propelled into a political role. These kinds of experiences make people interested in democracy or political reform, even if they thought they didn’t care. I also think that the opposite is true: some people instinctively prefer homogeneity, order, hierarchy. They don’t like the confrontation of opinions or the noise of debate, and they lean towards a single leader or a unified regime. I think that most of modern history is shaped by the clash between those two different sides of human nature. JC: Which force do you find more powerful today? AA: I think they both have a lot of power and there’s no way of predicting who wins. Even in countries that seem very shut off or stuck in an authoritarian system can change. We’ve seen that happen. And vice versa, I think democracies can also begin to fail and slide into authoritarianism. So it’s very important not to be complacent in either direction. JC: I want to go into your history and your experiences. You’ve lived in Russia during a time of incredible change in the late 80s, and then you came back to do research in post-Soviet Russia. AA: I was a student in Russia just before the collapse of the Soviet Union. I then traveled and worked there extensively in the 1990s, and I met people who really were full of hope. They hoped that Russia could become a democracy, or at least a place that guaranteed freedom of speech, freedom of the press. These weren’t ideas that came from Washington. Although now the narrative in the Kremlin is different, I met many people who were working towards exactly that kind of transformation. A friend of mine ran a series of seminars – once a year, and then later several times a year, in cities all over Russia – designed to get people to discuss politics in new ways. She invited young politicians and journalists, as well as foreigners. I went to many of them, in Moscow as well as Volgograd and Novosibirsk. Over two decades, hundreds of people came to these seminars, and all of them wanted Russia to be different. I remain convinced that many Russians still want Russia to be different. It’s just that the old system, in the form of Putin, a representative of that system, returned. The KGB reimposed their power. And this wasn’t because of something to do with culture, this was to do with money and politics, and who was in charge. JC: You’ve partially answered my question... I wanted to ask whether that excitement of the 1990s was an exception from the Russian historical norm which has been rather authoritarian? AA: Of course, if you look at the history of Russia since the 18th century, there have always been liberal groups, reformers and revolutionaries. There were the Decembrists, in the early 19th century, and the rural populists later on, who tried to organize the peasantry. A significant group of liberal Russians appeared at the turn of the 20th century, people like the father of the writer Vladimir Nabokov, who was a Russian politician before the revolution. These groups were small in number, but sometimes had a broader significance. The Russian dissident movement in the 1950s and 1960s actually invented the modern human rights movement. It was their idea to hold the leaders of the Soviet Union accountable for the language they used, to remind them of the treaties they had signed and the promised they had made. They created the Helsinki group, for example, that held Soviet leadership to the language of the Helsinki Treaty, which formally ended the Second World War and which contained guarantees of human rights, at least on paper. That idea spread to Eastern Europe, and similar tactics were used here in Poland. (Benjamin Nathans recently wrote a great book about the Soviet dissidents, To the Success of Our Hopeless Cause) JC: But seemingly, even if they do ever get power, they could never hold on to it. AA: We don’t know, because they have never really had power. But in any case, we also don’t know what will happen in the future. There is no reason to assume that Russia will forever be condemned to totalitarianism. Even during the first fifteen years of Putin’s regime there was some form of democratic politics. Only when the full-scale war began did he bring everything to an end: he shut down all remaining independent organizations and killed his most important opponent, Alexi Navalny. But does that mean he is popular, that he enjoys legitimacy? Even now, we don’t really know what Russians think about him, or about the war. There is no way of doing real polling in Russia because nobody will answer an independent pollster over the phone. JC: Do you think that the flock of young people, especially young men, who fled Russia after the start of the war represent a continuation of liberal movements that refuse to partake in the authoritarian state, or do you think they are moving for the sake of self-preservation – “I don’t want to go to the army, so I leave”? AA: I’m sure it’s both. I actually know many people who left Russia for political reasons either in the very last years before the war, or else just after the war began. JC: And do you see a change in the young generation versus the old one that have fled? AA: It’s hard for me to say because the people who I know were mostly already politicized. I do know some younger people who left, but most of them were already either active in the opposition, or working as journalists. Many of them very self-consciously think of themselves as maintaining Russian culture abroad, just as in the 20th century the Soviet dissidents or the anti-communist White Russians once thought of themselves as people who maintained the true Russian culture, outside of Bolshevik Russia. JC: Let’s move on to Poland. One of your first experiences with Poland was reporting on Margaret Thatcher’s first state visit, in the autumn of 1988. You followed her around the farmers’ market. AA: She was making a symbolic gesture. She wanted to welcome free markets, but the only one she could really visit was the farmers’ market at Hala Mirowska. JC: And I want to talk about this area because today you can look out of any window in that district, Mirów, and see rows and rows of skyscrapers. How does it feel to see a country built from the ground in such a short time, both politically and economically? AA: You know, when you’re living in a period of dramatic change, it’s always hard to know whether the change is positive or negative. The transformation in Poland created winners and losers, as well as new classes of people, new political movements of different kinds. At the time, it sometimes just felt like turbulence. Now, we can look back at the 1990s and early 2000s in Poland and see in retrospect that the country was headed in towards prosperity and European integration. In around 2009 or 2010, I remember speaking to a woman who worked cleaning government offices, and who asked me if her daughter should study in Amsterdam or in London. This seemed to me to be a real transformation, and it happened very fast: within a few years, Poles stopped feeling like second-class Europeans, and a generation of younger Poles appeared who had no qualms about crossing borders. JC: We again live in turbulent times. Do you think we’re heading towards positive outcomes? AA: I can’t make predictions, because everything that happens tomorrow depends on what people do today. Also, history doesn’t have a trajectory. It doesn’t move in a particular direction. You only think it does afterwards. As I said, you can look afterwards at Poland in the 1990s and you could say this was a period of great progress. But not everybody at the time saw that. Sometimes people are very wrong about a given country’s trajectory. I remember people writing about Ukraine in the 1990s, about how dangerous it was that Ukraine was independent, that this was going to be an anti-semitic state, that Ukrainian nationalism was going to come back... and although you can say many bad things about Ukraine, the country made many bad choices, actually it became a pretty tolerant state which now has a Jewish president and until recently a Muslim defense minister. JC: In the 1990s Poland’s and Ukraine’s GDP were roughly similar. Ukraine was even a bit richer. So the starting point was similar for both of these countries, but they’ve turned out very, very differently. Even if we stop in 2014. Why do you think Ukraine “chose East”? Was it external influence? AA: No, I think Ukraine was in a different position. First of all, central and eastern Ukraine had been part of the Soviet Union since the 1920s, and had therefore experienced a longer period of occupation, repression, Sovietization and even Russification. Ukraine did not have, as Poland did, an alternative elite: a large cadre of economists and politicians, who already had some experience in opposition politics and in independent thinking. In Poland, the transformative finance minister, Leszek Balcerowicz, had already thought about how an economy might be decentralized before he took office. We can argue about how successful he was, but at least he was prepared to try something new. In Ukraine, people weren’t prepared. For one, there hadn’t been much space even for an illegal opposition in the previous couple of decades. Ukraine was also in many ways still emerging from colonial occupation. For the previous couple of centuries, many of the most capable Ukrainians had moved to Russia, and the first generation of leaders in independent Ukraine tended to be former Soviet apparatchiks. They didn’t immediately seek to become closer to western Europe. Instead, they looked for some kind of economic and political “third way” and an accomodation with Russia. Ukraine became stuck in this position, half-in, half-out and became pretty profoundly corrupt. JC: The Polish alternative elite had a vision of where they wanted the country to go. I think the general perception now is that this vision ends with the next election, right? Is this a natural process of gaining power? AA: Their vision, and it was shared by the time by politicians who now call themselves both left and right, was that Poland should join the EU and NATO, as fast as possible. My husband (Radek Sikorski) was in the very first government that said it wanted to join NATO. At the time this was taken very badly in Washington: the demand for NATO membership absolutely came from Poland, not from the US. But even then, in the early 1990s, many Poles already understood that the Russian sphere of influence would grow once again, that it was important to become part of the transatlantic alliance and an integrated Europe as fast as possible: NATO, the EU, the Council of Europe, all of the trading and security alliances. That consensus lasted through several different governments and over many years, even governments containing former communists. For twenty years, right, left and center disagreed about many things, but they all agreed on the direction that the country should go. In retrospect, that consensus created the basis for prosperity in Poland. JC: And regarding the Polish-Ukrainian relations. We know that antagonisms, e.g. the myth of Wołyń [a massacre of Poles that took place in what is now Western Ukraine, in 1943] are increasingly used in Polish political discourse today. In Ukraine, nationalist historians make heroes out of UPA, the Ukrainian revolutionary army, which is held responsible for this tragedy. Where do you see a start for burying the hatchet? Is the reconciliation of our nations possible? AA: So here’s a strange thing: For more than a decade after they both gained independence, Poland and Ukraine participated in a number of projects that were designed to solve exactly these kinds of Polish-Ukrainian differences. Books were published that were jointly written by Polish and Ukrainian historians, monuments were built. These projects were successful: If you’d asked me this question in 2010, I would have said that there are no real historical issues between Poland and Ukraine, that the two countries had mostly reconciled. For a number of reasons, this began to shift. In Poland, children and grandchildren of victims of the Wołyń massacre felt their tragedy hadn’t been fully recognized. In Ukraine, nationalist groups wanted the UPA partisans who had fought against the Soviet Union recognized for their heroism, despite the fact that some in this broad and not well-defined group were also linked to Wołyń. In both eastern Poland and western Ukraine, the memory of the ethnic cleansing that took place there in the late 1940s - Poles were moved West, Ukrainians East - to accomodate new borders has left feelings of displacement and bitterness. The wave of Ukrainian immigration, which started before the war, may have provoked some of this. But don’t underestimate the role played by Russia, which has always wanted to create discord between Poland and Ukraine, and pumps out propaganda to that effect in both countries. Vandalism on both sides of the border, damage done to cemeteries and monuments, is sometimes carried out by provacateurs working for Russia, just to create bad feelings. The Polish-Ukrainian conflict also hides a different reality: although there are real grievances and bad memories, the truth is that the biggest tragedies both nations experienced in the twentieth century were inflicted by the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany. That should unite these two countries, not divide them. JC: This week (19.04.2026 – Ed.) in Hungary we saw that using historical narratives to create grievance has no longer worked. Are you optimistic about the direction after Orban’s loss? AA: The Hungarian election was really important because it shows that people can actually resist powerful, dominant propaganda. The ruling party Fidesz controlled all of the TV, 90% of the newspapers, the constitutional court, the bureaucracy... and yet people had the nerve to vote against it and resist it. It’s also an important election because Hungary created a huge network of well-funded think tanks and foundations that were funding other far right groups and projects. So that loss is going to have a knock-on effect in other places too, maybe even in Poland. JC: What you’ve said about resisting propaganda reminds me of one of the interviews you did about talking to Russians in the post-Soviet era who claimed that people knew that the system was lying. Why do people choose to believe in these regimes anyway? AA: Because it’s useful. Stephen Kotkin, an American historian, once described how people would learn how to “speak Bolshevik”: It was just a language that you needed to use in order to get by in society. If you didn’t talk the way the regime wanted you to talk, then you might have problems, or lose your job, or your kids would not get into university. It was a way of getting along. Communist Poland was similar, at least in the early years. When I was writing a book about the Sovietization of Eastern Europe after World War II, I met a lot of people who wanted to talk a lot about the war, when many of them had done really heroic things. But almost nobody wanted to talk about the decade afterwards, between 1945 and 1956. This was when you had the short period of terror, violence and Polish Stalinism. To stay safe, people felt the need to just go along with what others were saying, or stay out of politics, or use communist jargon without necessarily believing it. I don’t judge them for it, and I wouldn’t describe all of those people as collaborators. It’s easy to feel moral certainty in retrospect, because we know that communism ended. But if you were living in 1949, it might not have been clear to you that communism was going to end. In very repressive societies, maybe about 10% of people who are really evil – collaborators, torturers. Maybe 10% of people are really brave and who find ways to resist. And then around 80% of people have kids, they have parents, they have to have jobs and they’ve had to get through it somehow. Strange though it may sound, I’ve found that the work I did on that book is now very useful in explaining some of what’s going on in the United States today. There are plenty of members of the Republican Party in Congress who know perfectly well that Donald Trump says many things that aren’t true. But they avoid criticizing him because it’s inconvenient, because they would get in trouble, because someone would attack them on the internet. So actually you don’t even need mass terror to get people to conform. JC: Is Gen Z reinventing agency? AA: We’ll see. In any generation you can find groups of people who want agency. If you live in a society that’s unfair, for example where a tiny number of people have captured most of the wealth, then at a certain point people rebel. This is always easier for younger people, who have you have less to lose. The question now is how the internet will affect the relationships between citizens and the state, and how it will change organizations. The “Twitter revolutions” people spoke about as early as 2008-9, mass protests organized online, have often proved to be very superficial. Although you can easily join something just by clicking, the work of creating a real movement requires physical participation. Successful mass movements of the past, for example the Civil Rights movement in the United States, were built by people who had spent many years together. They had participated in non-violent workshops together. They practiced and prepared. Just using the you can get everybody to show up at a certain moment, but then when the protest is broken up, nothing happens. It’s also true that the repressive regimes have more recently learned how to use the internet to undermine leaders and movements. Most of all, they now understand how to make people cynical. The form of propaganda that most modern authoritarians use - and I think the Russians really pioneered this - deploys sneering cynicism. Instead of praising the rulers, the regime propagandists mock the opposition movement leadership for being supposedly corrupt or sexually degenerate, with the goal of undermining any kind of idealism. JC: MAGA grew on the internet? AA: MAGA is a real grassroots movement. They had symbols, red hats, they showed up at rallies. But you’re right that the cynicism, the sarcasm and the distrust that the movement embodies came originally from the internet, and this is different. Fifty years ago, most European political parties had a social base in real organizations, in trade unions for Social Democrats, in church groups for Christian Democrats. As people stopped going to church and as the trade unions became smaller, the social base of these parties disappeared. Now people who wouldn’t have known one another in the past meet on the internet and create new movements, many of which don’t last. JC: Is history ending? Going in stale circles? AA: History never ends. In truth, human beings want contradictory things at the same time: order and freedom, stability and change. These things are never resolved, and when a society swings too far in one direction, people always push it the other way. But each time that happens, the result is different. Certainly it is true that we are now in a period when old philosophers and ideas from the 1930s are undergoing a revival. Carl Schmitt, who was a philosopher who was very influential on the Nazis, is back as an influence on both the far left and the far right, once again inspiring people to think that all politics has to be existential, that all politics is about defining and defeating enemies. In the US, some are also bringing back dominionism, the idea that we need a Christian and not a secular state. It’s also true that we are living through a more fundamental shift. The old left-right divide, which was mostly about the size of the state, is much less important now. Instead, we are arguing about more fundamental things: what are our rights, what protects our freedom. Or how much power do we want to give small elites, versus how much power to give ordinary people. In America a small group of very wealthy people now control information, because they control the social media platforms and AI, which means they determine what people will read and learn. Finding a way to preserve preserve zones of autonomy and independent thinking, this is going to be the main task for the next generation. JC: What is the one book that a person interested in Central Europe should read? AA: You could read my book “Iron Curtain: the Crushing of Eastern Europe” which tells the story of how the Soviet Union imposed its culture on the region. Or read Tim Snyder’s history of the region, “The Reconstruction of Nations: Poland, Ukraine, Lithuania, Belarus 1569-1999.” And everyone should read “The Captive Mind” by Czesław Miłosz, which describes exactly the phenomenon we were talking about: why do people collaborate? I joined Scott Galloway and the brilliant Fiona Hill in a discussion about the wars in Ukraine and Iran, the future of global power, and what these conflicts reveal about America's role in the world. Scott told us that this was the 400th edition of his podcast, which is quite a number: My friend Francesco Chiamulera runs a brilliant series of literary events, Una Colline di Libri, A Hill of Books, in the Prosecco Hills, a region of vineyards and elegant hill towns in the Veneto, north of Venice. We did an event in Vittorio Veneto and also drove and biked around the countryside. Buy Autocracy Inc Buy Iron Curtain Open Letters, from Anne Applebaum is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber. Subscribe
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