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GOP primary for U.S. House seat and Democratic governors race among Nevada's key contests
Nevadans are choosing their party nominees Tuesday for two closely watched congressional seats and the governor’s race, among others, as the state grapples with an affordable housing shortage, exploding energy demand from data centers and federal cuts to key state programs.
Arts, Beats & Eats adds veteran honors, a Pride stage, T-rex and more
The festival has also made a deal with Royal Oak to stay in the city at least through 2030.
The Ocean's Health Is Deteriorating on Multiple Fronts, U.N. Scientists Warn
A new U.N. report warns of escalating threats to the world's oceans from human impacts.
I spent 12 hours in Singapore Airlines' first class; worth it
My long-haul flight from LA to Tokyo in Singapore Airlines' first-class cabin had more pros than cons in terms of seats, food, and overall value.
In Trump’s second term, fewer seats for women at the table
A Post review shows the president built a more male-dominated Cabinet this term, and every departure has been a woman — with a man chosen to replace each of them.
Palmetto Sports Daily: Gamecock baseball coaching search heats up, Stanley Cup Final gets wild
Julia, Caroline and Bronwyn talk about the latest in the South Carolina baseball coaching search and recap a wild Game 3 of the Stanley Cup Final.
We can create the future of science right now
Paul Litvak is the founder and Executive Director of the Robyn Dawes Institute and a Visiting Scholar at UC Berkeley. He has a PhD in Behavioral Decision Research from Carnegie Mellon where he studied emotions and the sunk cost bias. Over 15 years in industry, he solved a wide range of challenging technical problems. At Meta he created models optimizing the ad review process. At Google he ran experiments to measure social influence. At Airbnb, he was a product manager leading machine learning teams optimizing search ranking and price suggestions. He also co-founded and led product at Rhythmic Health, a venture-backed biosensing startup, creating an accurate low cost system using a color changing strip and a smart phone to measure salivary lactate. The bottleneck At this point, it is uncontroversial to say that science needs to stop using the PDF article as the unit of knowledge and currency. The unbearable slowness of scientific publishing, the profit motive and margins: I’m not saying anything new. The PDF also sucks because it’s hard to extract structured information, which makes it hard to do evidence synthesis. As a result, we do much less evidence synthesis than is needed. And evidence synthesis ultimately undergirds most policy and medical decision-making. I can see second-by-second real-time odds for any sporting or newsworthy event, but a school board can’t see the best evidence on whether their 8th graders should be taught algebra. As a society, we don’t treat this as an important problem. Again, not controversial. Not only is the problem well understood, but the solution has already been laid out. What we need is AI-assisted living evidence synthesis - (1) an open knowledge graph of atomic claims, (2) claims linked to evidence, (3) assessment and synthesis of each piece of evidence, and (4) continuous updating with new data. What few realize (yet) is that the technical capacity to build this vision for a significant portion of science already exists. Not only that, scientists and startup teams are already building many of these components. I know this because I’ve been surveying the space and talking to many of the builders. There are some missing pieces: for example, evaluations of how well some of the components work. But at this point, most of what’s missing is a fully end-to-end working integration of all of these parts. In the rest of this essay, I’m going to lay out all the parts of a working living evidence layer for science and who is working on them, and propose concrete next steps for building this system. What’s now possible The diagram above outlines the components of a living evidence synthesis platform, including some of the teams working on each component1. Scientific PDFs are processed into claims with associated evidence. The evidence is subjected to a forensic audit, methodological evaluation and robustness and reproducibility checks. Finally it’s given a weight in a continuously updating synthesis. What follows is a description and status of each component and a few of the teams working on them. Document understanding The first thing you need to be able to do is turn an article into structured data. Mostly that means parsing PDFs. There are often multicolumn layouts that confuse non-specialized PDF to text processing libraries. For scientific papers, there is the added complexity of parsing formulas and tables and figures. This is a really hot area - there are startups offering APIs, and it seems like a new open source package gets posted to Github every few weeks. What follows isn’t exhaustive. A package called GROBID was the state of the art for a while, they didn’t update their package for nearly two years until very recently. In the meantime reducto.ai released an AI powered PDF extraction API, PaddleOCR became popular, IBM released a model called Docling, and both Mistral and Gemini created models and libraries. I also know of at least one other well-funded psychology research group working on a paper parser. By contrast, there are few open evals in this space, with no extensive evals for complex table comprehension in particular. Nonetheless, I’m confident this will be a solved problem soon, given the combination of LLM advances and developer interest. Hypothesis level extraction There has been increasing interest in comprehending the extracted text of papers and linking information to evidence for each hypothesis. A lot of work has already been done. Trialstreamer (Marshall et al. 2020) and RobotReviewer LIVE (Marshall et al. 2023) demonstrated automated extraction of trial population, intervention, and outcome at scale on clinical RCTs. PaperQA2 (Skarlinski et al. 2024) and Ai2 ScholarQA (2024) extended this to retrieval-augmented question answering with citation grounding. Elicit, Consensus, and SciSpace operationalized claim-level extraction for end users. OpenEval (Booeshaghi et al. 2026) is the most recent and most ambitious: 1.96 million atomic claims extracted from 16,087 eLife manuscripts using Claude Sonnet 4.5, grouped into ~299,000 results, with LLM evaluations showing 81% agreement with human peer review on a 2,487-paper subset. None of these solutions link claims to test-statistics, as you would need to evaluate randomized controlled trials. This is why I built the evidence.guide API - to extract hypotheses and associated test statistics from behavioral science papers. The best public eval of this kind of extraction I’m aware of comes from the recent SCORE project - they had humans code thousands of psychology papers to extract their claims by hand. It would be extremely helpful to the world if all scientific PDFs were available as structured open data. I’ve been working to make this happen, both directly at Berkeley and through coordination with large entities I can’t yet speak of; as hard as it is to do, I think it’s possible2. Forensic audit A lot of work has been done on forensic audit, but some gaps remain. Of course, for biology papers that rely on images for evidence, there are a variety of tools (notably Proofig and ImageTwin) to spot anomalies. These are still well short of what sleuths like Elizabeth Bik can do on her own, but these tools are constant companions among fraud analysts. There’s someone working on auditing Excel files for anomalies, and a number of teams are automating numerical checks like GRIM and SPRITE, including Scrutiny project, the INSPECT-SR team as well as statcheck. The regcheck team is building a way to use AI to compare preregistrations to analyses in papers, to ensure there aren’t significant deviations. Nonetheless, there are many other kinds of anomalies to screen for, both public and less publicly known. And there are no formal evals for anomaly detection that I’m aware of. Still, there’s a lot to draw from in this space and I’m pretty certain we will be able to scan papers for most kinds of obvious anomalies in the near future. Methodological review This area has been white hot, though I fear for many of the startups in this space, because this capability may become commoditized. There are at least six different AI peer review companies, including Refine.ink, Reviewer3, ReviewerZero.ai, Q.E.D. Science, Paper Wizard, and Isitcredible. Coarse (a pun on refine) was also recently created as an open source alternative. These systems provide qualitative feedback on the content of papers, spotting methodological weaknesses and mathematical errors. They seem to work pretty well, and many academics report bitterly that they exceed the average quality of typical peer reviewers. But there are few evals here either. What evals exist so far involve using LLM-as-judge (circularity problems abound) or comparing against human reviews of questionable quality. What you’d ideally want is an eval that measures capturing known errors in papers3. Reproducibility and robustness Another active area has been using AI agents to automate computational reproducibility4 and robustness5 checks in papers that report numerical results. For more recent papers where data and code are available, AI agents can see whether they can re-run the analyses and produce the numbers reported in the published paper. In addition to a handful of individual academics who have been experimenting using Claude Code for this, the Institute for Replication is a leading group working on building an end to end system. The evals related to this problem are the most mature, with CORE-Bench (Siegel, Kapoor, Narayanan 2024) and PaperBench (OpenAI 2025) available to benchmark agents on this task. There is also work on getting AI agents to test alternative ways of analyzing the data to ensure the results are robust to small analytic design choices. Synthesis This is the most underdeveloped area where significant investment is required. Although some automated evidence synthesis systems exist — for example, otto-sr is building an AI agent to write systematic reviews — none of these incorporate the full range of paper level signals to weight evidence appropriately. Nor is there anything like an eval or a gold standard for a good systematic review. Arguably Cochrane reviews are the closest we have to gold standard human systematic reviews, though I’ve heard academics in the know complain about their uneven quality. A key question for a synthesis platform is how to weight anomalies and methodological issues in assessing the quality of a piece of evidence. This is an unsolved problem and one I’m very keen to work on. Continuous updating There are many pieces of basic infrastructure available for monitoring for new research and initiating updates. OpenAlex is the current open citation graph. Retraction Watch integrated into Crossref in October 2023. Scite tracks how citations support, contrast, or mention prior claims. The Living Evidence Network demonstrated continuous-update workflows in clinical guidelines. Engineering this is a relatively straightforward task. When you look over this technical architecture and all the progress being made, it’s hard not to be optimistic that a living guide to scientific evidence will be built. The stakeholders are ready The social infrastructure for this is starting to coalesce — it’s not just a pie in the sky academic exercise to imagine this coming into existence. Institutions like the Center for Open Science, the Institute for Replication, the INSPECT-SR, the Living Evidence Network and more are all working on scaling work to improve research quality. Funders are also aligned. The Sloan Foundation has funded living evidence work through COS. Coefficient Giving supports the Institute for Replication and COS. The Astera Institute and the Institute for Progress have shown interest in this space. NIH has established an Office for Replication and Reproducibility. Although there are (very unfortunately) serious headwinds in science funding generally, there is an active group of funders interested in metascience. A brief word about what I’ve been doing at RDI. First, as a Visiting Scholar at Berkeley I’ve been actively figuring out how a non-profit and a public university can conduct and make public the results of large-scale academic article data mining. With some of the money I raised from donors, I commissioned a legal analysis of recent case law and publisher text data mining (TDM) agreements in order to understand whether a massive open data mining of academic articles is possible (with caveats, it is). I’ve also been working to bring together stakeholders in this space, and identify gaps. I’ve also been doing some software development in this space, with more to come. A pilot proposal The assumption undergirding all of this is that an AI, given all this information, would make the right judgment about a scientific claim with lots of conflicting evidence, weighing all the factors appropriately. That’s the hypothesis we need to test. Randomized control trial research is the best place to focus on first. RCTs are used to make many of the important decisions in society - from medical trials to public policy changes. And they use a relatively uniform set of inferential statistics with lots of known and available diagnostics. Behavioral science experiments, within the broader realm of RCTs, should be first used as a testbed whose results can be generalized. Because behavioral science is at the vanguard of open science practices, replications abound (there are thousands of them) to serve as ground truth training data. Key Hypothesis Therefore the pilot would test, in behavioral RCTs that have been replicated, whether the quality of evidence for a claim can be used to accurately predict whether that claim will replicate. Secondary Hypotheses Compared to claims that replicated, non-replicated claims demonstrate a greater share of forensic anomalies in their source literatures. Hypothesis level claim and statistic extraction is accurate enough to scale living evidence without onerous human review costs. Replication prediction is more accurate than prediction markets6 or journal prestige. If all the different quality signals we gather do accurately predict which studies will replicate, then we can use that model to score evidence to power the living evidence layer. Why this is informative regardless of outcome If the pilot succeeds, the architecture extends to medical RCTs (where Living Evidence already operates and integration is mostly about claim representation), then to slices of basic biology with stable replication structure. If it fails, the field learns which quality signals are load-bearing and which ones metascience has oversold. Either result is a contribution to knowing what the literature supports. Implications for funders Because this burgeoning ecosystem of builders already exists, a well-informed philanthropic or government funder could play a crucial catalyzing role in bringing this future about. They could play at least three roles: creating open structured datasets, publishing open benchmarks and incentivizing the solving of key technical challenges. First, open archives of papers that the government maintains, like PubMed, could be turned into structured data amenable to large scale metascience and claim aggregation. I know the US government already has an interest in doing this, though some key open questions remain unanswered. How do you determine the best models and systems for accurately extracting information from papers? How can you establish a robust way to allow researchers to flag errors and correct them? And finally, how do you create a legal regime in working with publishers to maximize the scope of available papers? For the latter, a university or a private philanthropy may be better positioned to make structured data publicly available under journal subscription terms or fair use. Philanthropists or government funders could also coordinate to create or commission benchmarks that evaluate whether important problems have been solved. For example, an open benchmark for claim extraction from a range of different scientific article types would be extremely helpful. Ensuring the underlying data are accurate is vital for creating these evaluations. I’ve discussed opportunistically using various human-created datasets for this purpose, but a consistent problem is that errors in human data make it difficult for them to serve as a gold standard. Finally, with structured data and benchmarks available, the government or private philanthropy could use them to incentivize groups to develop machine learning systems that meet these benchmarks. Prizes are one potentially valuable tool for this. For example, you could establish a prize for a system that accurately updates a living meta-analysis for a small set of claims. Prizes are particularly useful as signals of problem importance, and can help create vibrant ecosystems of public and private research—see, for example the role the government played in kickstarting the current work on nuclear fusion. Conclusion The drawbacks of the current scientific publishing system are known. Scientists agree, metascientists agree, philanthropists agree: the published PDF plus citation graph isn’t the right substrate for maintaining a representation of the evidence base in science. The pieces needed to build the alternative either already exist or are rapidly taking shape. The community is forming around exactly this problem, with concrete partnerships and shared infrastructure. A pilot should start on behavioral science RCTs because that’s the slice of empirical science most amenable to legibility, where replication ground truth is richest, and where the failure modes are best documented. What’s been missing is the galvanizing mission to assemble these pieces into something that works. That’s what I’m proposing to build. *** 1 I have a broader field map that I’ll release publicly soon. This is me, building in public! 2 If this is something that you are excited about, please reach out and talk to me. 3 More on this very soon too! 4 This tests whether, given the code and the data, you can get the same statistics as reported in the published paper. 5 This tests whether the results are the same as a paper’s given alternative analytical decisions in conducting the analysis (like outlier omission). Closely related is the idea of a “multiverse” where you come up with many different ways of answering the same underlying research question with the same data, and test whether the results hold in all those alternative methods. There’s been work on the latter as well. 6 Some of the replications, e.g. those from the SCORE project, had paired the experiments with forecasts from prediction markets. So we get to look at this for free.
World Pork Expo discussions driven by swine disease and herd health
Swine disease pressure and herd health were major topics during last week’s World Pork Expo in Des Moines. CBS Bio Platforms vice president of innovation and commercialization Rob Patterson says the threats aren’t universal. “Every producer has their own challenge, their own way of doing business.” He tells Brownfield their technology and innovative approach is […]
Platner calls Fetterman ‘a--hole’ at town hall as Democratic feud heats up
Graham Platner calls Sen. John Fetterman "an a--hole" at a Maine town hall days before the Democratic Senate primary election against rivals.
NBA Finals 2026: Knicks auction off 2 celebrity row seats for over $1 million ahead of Game 3
Trump repeats claim that California election was rigged
President posts screenshot on Truth Social attacking Californian election, after walking out of NBC interview after refusing to substantiate his claims of election rigging
Kevin Steele rolls up Florida's elected Cabinet in his bid to retire Kathy Castor
Three Cabinet officers back Steele as crowded CD 14 primary heats up.
With qualifying days away, 5 competitive House seats remain unchallenged
Palm Beach County’s House District 89 is the closest of the bunch, with 2024 presidential results showing just a 1-point Democratic advantage.
French Open final: Alexander Zverev beats Flavio Cobolli in 5 sets for long-awaited first Grand Slam title
It took a depleted field, but Alexander Zverev is a Grand Slam champion.
Small Business Tech News This Week From Gusto, Zoom, YouTube And The FBI
This week's AI and tech news: Gusto and Zoom unveil new AI tools, Trump signs an AI order, the FBI warns of cyberthreats, and YouTube expands AI labels.
Somerville extends business hours for World Cup
Somerville Extends Business Hours for World Cup; Set to Host SomerCup Soccer Tournament Licensed businesses encouraged to score extra time and extend operating hours June 11 through July 19; Register now for SomerCup community soccer tournament SOMERVILLE—Don’t want to miss a second of the World Cup action? Head to Somerville, where the City is making it easier for local bars, cafés, restaurants, and other establishments to screen matches for the duration of the tournament. While the pros face off on-screen, all are also invited to lace up their cleats and join SomerCup 2026, the City’s first-ever community soccer tournament. “There’s always a hum of energy in the air in Somerville during the World Cup, and with the tournament taking place so close to home, that excitement is only going to grow. We want to make sure our local businesses and community are a part […]
Byron Donalds speaks out after death threats, warns that irresponsible rhetoric emboldens people with 'real mental health issues'
As the campaign heats up, the rhetoric gets more dangerous.
Apple’s iPhone Ultra Hinge Will Double As A Heatsink, With Its Liquidmetal Construction Stronger Than Titanium
Apple appears to be sparing no expense to ensure that its iPhone Ultra would turn out to be a consummate stunner of a device.
Antonelli's 'magic lap' pips Verstappen to Monaco pole
Mercedes' Kimi Antonelli beats Red Bull's Max Verstappen to pole position in a gripping qualifying session at the Monaco Grand Prix.
5 things to know about the Ebola outbreak
Here’s what I want you to know: The best way to protect yourself and the people around you from things like Ebola is to stay informed and remember there’s a global public health effort that’s designed to handle threats just like this one.
Multiple sources, joint analysis: pooling public health data for stronger public health intelligence across the Western Pacific
WHO Western Pacific countries and areas endorse a new policy brief on multi-source surveillance. A new World Health Organization (WHO) policy brief outlines a transformative approach to public health intelligence that connects data across a range of systems, sectors and disciplines. By creating a single, actionable picture of health threats based on multiple sources, such an approach aims to fill critical data gaps and aid countries in decision-making. WHO Member States across the Western Pacific endorsed the policy brief, Multi-source Surveillance to Support Public Health Action and Decision-making, at the WHO-led Asia Pacific Health Security Action Framework (APSHAF) Stakeholders Meeting held on 11 June 2026 in Malaysia.
'Diners, Drive-Ins, And LIES': Guy Fieri Slammed For Allegedly Not Swallowing Any Food
There's a fun conspiracy theory going around on the internet right now that claims Guy Fieri never actually swallows any of the food he eats on his show.
🥐 Florentino unleashed, Casillas and Del Bosque... 5️⃣ for Friday
The football world is experiencing a day of institutional upheaval and hot seats on the bench just before the World Cup. The electoral race for the Real Madrid presidency has exploded completely, brin...
Texas defeats Texas Tech for second consecutive WCWS national championship, Teagan Kavan again wins Most Outstanding Player
Unlike last year, Texas Tech could not force a winner-take-all Game 3 against Texas in the Women's College World Series championship.
Denison beats Endicott to win Division III baseball national title
Top-ranked Denison defeated No. 6 Endicott 4-3 in 10 innings on June 4 to win the NCAA Division III College World Series in Eastlake, Ohio.
‘The Odyssey’ slams AMC's website as fans try to get tickets
If you want tickets to Christopher Nolan's epic ‘The Odyssey,’ you'll need to get in line. On Thursday, wait times on the AMC website reached an hour as hopeful moviegoers scrambled to secure seats.
OPINION: Small businesses are backbone of Texas, El Paso, Borderland
State Sen. Cesar Blanco, D-El Paso, is pushing new laws to protect Texas small businesses from cyber threats and red tape.
Tech ‘got spanked’ in this week’s primaries. It could be a preview of more to come.
Tech is poised to suffer more electoral defeats this summer in New York, Florida and elsewhere, where industry detractors are frontrunners in their upcoming primaries.
We Interrupt This Knicks Victory for a Political Ad Starring Mamdani
Mayor Zohran Mamdani lent his political star power to an unusual TV ad promoting three Democrats running for House seats in New York City.
Republicans won the redistricting battle. Now voters will decide whether they win Congress
Republicans have won a partisan redistricting battle for Congress. The GOP could gain about 10 U.S. House seats in the upcoming November elections if the new voting districts perform as intended.
MAHA candidate beats Trump's choice in Republican primary for Iowa governor
The narrow upset Tuesday revealed cracks in President Donald Trump's coalition in the deep-red state, encouraging Democrats who are hopeful they can flip control of the governor's office this year.
Alsobrooks, public health advocates warn of a 'leadership vacuum' at HHS under RFK Jr.
US Sen. Angela Alsobrooks calls again for removal of US Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as deadly outbreaks of hantavirus and Ebola pose international public health threats
Scientists just built a powerful AI computer worm that learns as it spreads
The prototype could help the world prepare for AI malware threats, the researchers say
Trump’s tariff threats spark political storm in Brazil
President Lula lashes out at lead election rival Flávio Bolsonaro over US lobbying effort
Milwaukee Brewers: 2026 team continues to defy conventional logic
Every year, the story repeats: the Milwaukee Brewers are projected to be around .500 at the end of the year. Their tendency to trade away top talent is going to catch up to them. They will maybe win 80 games, but there is no way that they will be one of the best teams in [...]
Centrist Democrats launch new pledge: ‘We are capitalist, not socialist’
A pair of Democratic House members who won Republican-held seats want others to sign a vow for moderate policies.
NBA Finals: Would you pay $4,000 – for a nosebleed seat?
Tickets to the NBA Finals in New York are so hot that fans are spending thousands of dollars – even for nosebleed seats.
‘Getting things done’: John Taylor swaps mayoral re-election bid for run at HD 109
His candidacy comes amid a broader political reshuffling in Miami-Dade, with multiple legislative seats opening due to term limits, higher-office bids and shifting congressional borders.
USDA Cuts Dismantled a Program Helping Local Food Economies
Without federal support, a nascent regional network that was building businesses and consumer support has collapsed.
Pragg beats Carlsen for second time in Norway Chess; Satwik-Chirag in first round action at Indonesia Open: Indian Sports LIVE, June 3
Here are all the updates from Indian sports on June 3, 2026.
Breaking down New York's proposed redistricting amendment
A constitutional amendment poised for first passage in the New York state Legislature this week could help Democrats gain up to four congressional seats in 2028 if ultimately approved by voters, experts say.
Iowa Democrats to settle a competitive Senate primary as the party looks to flip GOP seats this fall
President Donald Trump and Vice President JD Vance have both touched down in Iowa this year to shore up Republican enthusiasm in the state's Senate race.
Master of Public Health Student Focused on Data-Informed Solutions
Master of Public Health candidate Sivgech Heang is set on a path to reshape global health by using data to empower communities to combat future health threats.
Democrats redrew California's map to counter Trump. The primary tests whether it pays off for them
The party won voter approval last year to redraw the state's congressional map to create five more winnable U.S. House seats. But some Democrats now worry that they could be locked out of the November ballot in one of those districts, near San Diego.
How Science Works
The 2nd Weather and Climate Livestream is now underway. It is organized by a group of early-career researchers concerned about declining funding for the field and eager to demonstrate how weather and climate research makes a difference in our lives. Last year’s event was a great success, drawing terrific press coverage including a piece in the NY Times. This year features a strong lineup of talks aimed at a general audience — I highly recommend tuning in. Share I gave a talk yesterday about How Science Works in Three Steps. You can see the short presentation here (I’ve appended a transcript below): And please tune into the livestream here. It runs through tomorrow at 6 pm ET. Thanks for reading The Climate Brink! Subscribe for free to receive new posts and support our work. Subscribe Cleaned up transcript: Thank you, and thanks to everyone tuning in. I want to talk about something I think a lot of people don’t really understand: how science actually works. Arguments over any scientific topic — climate change, vaccines, you name it — revolve around competing claims. For climate change, the claims are: Is the Earth warming? Are humans to blame? What will the impacts be? Over the last 150 years, the scientific community has developed a remarkably robust method for sorting out which claims are true and which aren’t. That method is what I want to walk through. So how does science generate knowledge? If you ask a high schooler, they’ll give you the version they learned in ninth grade: an individual scientist forms a hypothesis, runs an experiment, and draws a conclusion. That’s more or less what happens at the individual level, though in practice it’s more iterative — you design, test, and refine all at once, landing on a slightly different idea each time until you reach a conclusion about whatever hypothesis you’ve ended up with. But this isn’t science. It’s only step one. Any individual scientist can make mistakes — scientists are human. Maybe there’s a bug in the code, maybe there’s an error in the experiment. Just because someone ran an experiment and reached a conclusion doesn’t mean it’s right, and scientists don’t treat a single result as settled truth. Step two is peer review, the first layer of quality control. The scientist writes up what they did and submits it to a journal, which sends the paper to other experts in the field. Those experts judge whether the methods are sound, whether it properly references prior work, and whether the conclusions actually follow from the data. Ask any scientist and they’ll tell you peer review is miserable — the comments come back brutal, often harsh, and you have to revise and resubmit, sometimes multiple times, before an editor finally accepts the paper. Peer review catches an immense amount of bad science, but it can’t catch all of it. Reviewers get sloppy or overworked, they miss obvious mistakes, and they can’t catch hidden errors — a bug in the code, a misread instrument. So a peer-reviewed paper making it into a journal doesn’t mean the paper is right. Nobody treats a single paper as the final word. That’s where step three comes in: the crucible of science. Important results get retested by the broader community. If you publish something interesting, it gets dissected. Sometimes people try to reproduce your work directly but more often they test its implications. If someone claims X is true, and that implies that Y is also true, then scientists will go check Y. If a claim survives this gauntlet long enough, it becomes accepted. That’s how we generate knowledge. Let me give an example: the ozone hole. In 1985 — and I doubt many people watching were around then, but I remember it well — Joe Farman and his colleagues published observations from Antarctica showing that a huge chunk of ozone was disappearing every year. This was shocking because most atmospheric chemists had expected ozone loss to occur at mid-latitudes and high altitudes, not over the South Pole. When scientists see something they don’t understand, they rush to explain it, and several competing hypotheses quickly appeared in the peer-reviewed literature. One pointed to chlorine chemistry from chlorofluorocarbons. A second blamed nitrogen chemistry, possibly driven by solar proton events — meaning the sun was responsible. A third argued it wasn’t chemistry at all but dynamics: winds were carrying naturally low-ozone air from the lower atmosphere up into the stratosphere. Then the community went to work testing which theory could survive the crucible. Aircraft flew into the ozone hole and found no nitrogen, ruling out the nitrogen theory. Measurements showed the air in the polar vortex was descending, not rising — which would bring high-ozone air down, eliminating the dynamics theory. Meanwhile, those same flights measured enormous amounts of chlorine, strongly correlated with exactly the regions where ozone was being destroyed. That became known as the “smoking gun” paper, and it established that chlorine chemistry was the cause. Through this process, a consensus emerged. And it’s worth being clear that this consensus is organic. There’s no vote, no poll, no meeting where it gets decided. Scientists go to conferences, talk to one another, and independently arrived at the same answer. It’s the ultimate free market of ideas. After the consensus was established, the peer-reviewed literature doesn’t even mention the rival theories — it simply takes chlorine chemistry as given. That’s what a consensus looks like. It doesn’t mean every single scientist agrees, but it does mean there’s no longer any legitimate debate. So where can you see what scientists actually think? It’s all in the peer-reviewed literature, which contains the entire historical record of the argument: the discovery, the competing theories, the debate, the testing, and finally the community coalescing around one answer. But there’s a lot of room for misrepresentation. You can dig up an old paper claiming the ozone hole was caused by dynamics and wave it around as if there still was a debate about the cause of the ozone hole — without mentioning that the idea was disproven long ago and that even its own authors no longer believe it. There’s a bigger problem, though: the peer-reviewed literature is written in a language I call “nerd.” It’s extremely hard to read — honestly, some of it is hard for me to follow. It takes graduate students years to work through the literature in a single field, so we can’t expect policymakers or ordinary people to do it. This is where scientific assessments come in. The most famous is the IPCC — the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The job of an assessment is to read and summarize the peer-reviewed literature, synthesizing what’s settled, what’s been disproven, and what remains genuinely debated. To ensure the assessments accurately summarize the peer-reviewed literature, assessments are written by large teams, which are far less prone to bias than individuals and which dilute the influence of any one scientist with an axe to grind. The teams are deliberately assembled to avoid stacking the deck, and the reports themselves go through multiple rounds of peer review. That rigorous process is exactly why you can trust them and why people consider the IPCC to be the gold standard of what we know about the climate system. An assessment produced through a different process may well not be credible. You can even watch the consensus evolve across assessments. Take the attribution of warming. The 1990 IPCC report said the observed warming was broadly consistent with model predictions but also comparable to natural variability — in other words, we don’t know whether humans are responsible. By 1995, it concluded that the balance of evidence suggested a discernible human influence — a sentence only a committee could write, and one that barely commits to anything. By 2001, most of the warming over the previous 50 years was judged “likely” due to greenhouse gases; by 2007, “very likely”; by 2013, “extremely likely.” The 2023 report says essentially the same as 2013 — there’s not much stronger language available. So, to wrap up: science is our ultimate tool for deciphering the universe — the most successful method we’ve ever developed for determining what’s true and what isn’t. Our understanding is written into the peer-reviewed literature, so if you want to know what scientists think, that’s where to look. And for those of us who don’t speak nerd, scientific assessments are the Rosetta Stone — they translate nerd into English. Let me open the floor to questions. Thank you.
Live Results: Iowa midterm primaries
The winners will compete in November’s critical midterm elections, in which Iowa’s U.S. Senate and House seats could determine control of the narrowly divided chambers.
Live Results: Montana midterm primaries
Montana has not been at the top of the list of seats Democrats hope to flip to regain control of either body, but the retirements do creak open the door for a candidate to possibly take advantage of the state’s independent streak.
Tanner Scott and family receive death threats
Tanner Scott’s wife Maddie shared horrific threats against her family after Tanner’s last outing
Planetary Health Diet May Lower Obesity Risk at Menopause
The planetary health and low-insulinemic diets — rich in plants and whole grains and low in red and processed meats and fried foods — can aid weight management during menopause, a recent study shows.
This GOP congressman is running unopposed in Tuesday’s primary. He’s been missing from Washington for nearly three months
GOP Rep. Tom Kean is running unopposed in his primary on Tuesday, seeking a third term in one of the nation’s most competitive seats.
Trump’s $1.8B ‘Anti-Weaponization’ Fund Dead—Reportedly After GOP Threats
Senate Majority Leader John Thune, R-S.D., said Republicans are in discussions with the White House about changing the fund.
Orlando musicians raged outside and inside Uncle Lou’s Entertainment Hall this weekend for ‘Free Uncle Lou’ benefit show
Local musician Robby Shambles assembled a veritable army of Orlando performers — including TV Generation, Pinko Beats, Warm Like Winter, Tom Haney, Constant Throw, Why Rhyme, Red Lungs, Anthony Smith and Ran Damone — to rock out for Uncle Lou on Saturday.
Michigan corporate board seats can be lucrative, annual filings show
Each spring, Securities and Exchange Commission filings offer details about the hard-to-get positions and who has them.
California to play big role in fight for Congress. Tuesday's primary sets the stage
California redistricting could net Democrats an additional five House seats, a major factor in the fight for control of Congress. The upcoming primaries will set the stage for November's most critical match-ups.
Why a surge of election-related websites could spell rising cyber threats for the midterms
A new report, first reported by PBS News, warns that November’s midterm elections in the United States will drive “elevated” cyber threats to political organizations, fundraising and media platforms, and that some of the groundwork for election misinformation and disinformation likely is already being laid. Check Point, a cyber security company, found that in January of this year, approximately 1,300 newly registered domains contained the keyword “election,” and approximately 2,957 contained “vote.” Registering website domains
Political firestorm heats up after unrest at ICE detention center Delaney Hall
New Jersey Gov. Mikie Sherrill said deploying state police was “absolutely necessary.” And House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries said conditions inside ‘shock the conscience.’
Kostyuk beats four-time French Open winner Swiatek
Four-time French Open champion Iga Swiatek is knocked out in the fourth round as Marta Kostyuk continues her superb run of form.
Scientists Say They’ve Found Fungi That Turn Dead Martian Soil Into Fertile Cropland
This certainly beats using human waste to grow potatoes on Mars.
Justin Allgaier repeats as NASCAR Nashville O'Reilly race winner
Justin Allgaier wins NASCAR Nashville O'Reilly Series race for the second straight year.
'It was a good warning for us'
Conor Turbitt believes the opening round of the All-Ireland SFC provided a "good warning" for Armagh, after both provincial champions suffered defeats.
Upcoming Beats headphones teased by Lamine Yamal: New design, pink colorway
Last week, reports emerged around Apple developing a new pair of Beats over-ear headphones, with the FCC leaking an outline...
Lamine Yamal Teases Upcoming Beats Over-Ear Headphones
Ahead of the upcoming World Cup, football superstar Lamine Yamal has arrived at training camp for the Spanish national team sporting what appears to be the unreleased over-ear headphones that appeared in a U.S. Federal Communications Commission database last week. As suspected, the new headphones are a Beats product rather than an Apple product.
NCAA baseball: OU defeats The Citadel in regionals behind pitching, hitting depth
No. 2 seed OU baseball (33-21) won 8-3 against No. 3 seed The Citadel (35-25) in the Atlanta Regional of the NCAA Tournament.
Mauna Loa Observatory Survives Lava, Budget Cuts And Politics
After a volcanic eruption and funding threats, NOAA says Mauna Loa's world-famous CO₂ record is secure, accessible again, and undergoing major upgrades.
Over half of Great American State Fair performers drop out over politics, threats
Bret Michaels and Martina McBride are the latest artists to pull out of the Great American State Fair concert series organized by Freedom 250 on the National Mall this summer.
Oura Ring shrinks to wedding-band size as smart ring health race heats up
Oura Health Oy, the popular smart ring maker seeking to go public this year, unveiled a significantly thinner and lighter new model along with new wellness features.
Cyber Threats Top CEO Business Fears
For the first time since late 2024, leaders of large-cap companies are more worried about cyberattacks than geopolitical tensions and economic uncertainties.
Ebola at the World Cup? Here’s what we should actually worry about
“Infectious disease threats during the World Cup will almost certainly look much more familiar than frightening headlines suggest,” writes Krutika Kuppalli.
Republicans are poised to finish this year’s redistricting war 10 seats ahead of Democrats
The coast-to-coast battle to gain an edge in November’s elections through partisan gerrymandering is racing to its conclusion – with Republicans poised to finish with as many as 10 seats ahead of Democrats through redistricting alone.
Pragg beats Carlsen in Norway Chess, India lose Unity Cup SF; Sindhu into Singapore Open QF: Indian Sports LIVE, May 28
Here are all the updates from Indian sports on May 28, 2026.
Stanford beats USC to capture NCAA women's golf title
Megha Ganne closed out her Stanford career with a short par putt to win the clinching match Wednesday afternoon as the Cardinal beat Southern California for its third NCAA women's golf title in the last five years.
Granada Hills, Carson advance to a fourth straight final meeting to decide City Section softball title
Granada Hills defeats San Pedro 12-9 in Open Division semifinals; Carson eliminates Birmingham 12-2
Rep. Christian Menefee defeats Rep. Al Green in primary runoff fueled by redistricting
Under previous maps, Green and Menefee had served in neighboring districts before the state's Republican lawmakers redrew the state's congressional maps in an effort to create more Republican-leaning seats.
Midterm redistricting has placed millions in new voting districts. Here's where 6 state efforts stand
President Donald Trump hopes the unusual mid-decade redistricting can help Republicans retain control of the closely divided House, despite negative approval ratings and historical tendencies for the incumbent's party to lose seats
Gov. DeSantis acknowledges threats but says security after he leaves office is Legislature's call
No previous officeholder has gotten this benefit. Should America's Governor have set a new precedent?
Meet a Health Hero: Katelynn Devinney of Pockets of Hope
The 2025 Health Hero Challenge winner sews and donates drainage tube-friendly sweatshirts to women recovering from mastectomy surgery.
UFC fighting cage rises on White House lawn for America 250 bout
The cage will be surrounded by 5,000 seats, with additional large screens nearby broadcasting the fight
Live updates: Trump to hold Cabinet meeting; Ken Paxton beats Sen. John Cornyn in Texas primary runoff
Get live updates and the latest news as Trump holds a Cabinet meeting and Ken Paxton beats Sen. John Cornyn in the Texas primary runoffs.
Coastal Bend Sports Hall of Fame celebrates local athletic greats
Mayes Middleton Defeats Chip Roy in the Runoff for Texas Attorney General
After connecting his opponent to past criticism of President Trump, the conservative state senator now advances to the general election.
Christian Menefee beats Al Green in Democratic primary runoff in new TX-18, according to AP
The race was an election rarity: two incumbents of the same party facing one another. Its outcome could prove to be a bellwether for Texas Democrats.
Christian Menefee Defeats Al Green in Texas Democratic House Runoff
The showdown, manufactured by a Republican gerrymander, created one of many generational clashes consuming Democrats this cycle.
Joshua Burgin: Florida’s local officials are on the front line of defense. Most don’t know it yet.
Florida’s local leaders face urgent cybersecurity threats hiding in plain sight.
Texas’s Redistricting Creates Intraparty Clashes Over House Seats
The new congressional map Texas Republicans drew to favor the party has led to several contentious primary runoffs.
Bari Weiss: Think For Yourself, Not By Yourself
When we launched The Free Press, the plan was simple: Tell the truth plainly, and let readers come to their own conclusions. I thought there would be a sizable enough group of people who would pay the cost of one coffee a month to read high-quality news and opinion journalism. But what happened next surprised even me. Yes, you came for the stories—for the investigations, essays, debates, interviews, podcasts, and arguments. But over the past few years, you also found one another. I’ve watched strangers become friends in the lobby before our debates. I’ve seen people trade numbers after live recordings of Honestly, launch businesses after Free Press dinners, fall in love after our meetups—even get married (!?), and say some version of the same sentence over and over again: I thought I was the only one. We live in the most connected age in history, and yet, millions of people feel isolated, alienated, politically homeless, and starved for real conversation. We have followers and no neighbors. Algorithms instead of interlocutors. Our social media feeds are like troughs, but what we really need is a table to gather around. The Free Press is a publication, yes, but it is also a gathering place for independent minds. So today, I’m thrilled to share our new investment in you. We are launching a new world of community experiences for our paid subscribers, designed to bring _Free Press_ers together online and in real life. Introducing Our Community Launch The Free Press Forum Our new digital home for paid subscribers, the Forum, is now live. This is where _Free Press_ers can meet, debate, recommend, organize, joke, argue, and converse like civilized people. Imagine that. This is not social media as you know it. No bots. No algorithmic rage bait. No performative nonsense. Just smart people talking to one another. Inside the Forum, you’ll find conversations on the things our readers already care about most: the issues of the day, recommendations (books, music, travel), work and networking, parenting, dating, and where to find your people—online and in real life. Jump in! Introduce yourself and join the first conversations in the Free Press Forum here. You’ll also find announcements from us (paid subscribers are first to hear!) and our writers, hosting regular Ask Me Anythings (AMAs)—live conversations where subscribers can ask questions, push back, and continue the discussion beyond the page. This Thursday, subscribers can chat with our brilliant reporter, culture vulture, and co-founder Suzy Weiss. Friday, I’ll be lending you Nellie Bowles, queen of TGIF, to answer subscriber questions live. Read more about The Forum directly from Nellie here. The Free Press Supper Club The best part of being a _Free Press_er is meeting other _Free Press_ers. So we’re inviting you all to dinner to do just that. It’s part salon, part blind date, part old-fashioned dinner party. Here’s how it works: You answer a short questionnaire. We match you with a small group of _Free Press_ers in your city. We send you to a great restaurant. You show up for supper. The rest is up to you. Your next best friend, co-founder, or future spouse may already be waiting at the table. Learn more and sign up here for our first Supper Club in 12 cities in three countries taking place on June 18. Don’t see your city? Raise your hand if you’d like a Free Press Supper Club near you. Yes, St. Louis—we hear you. The Free Press Retreats and Excursions We’re also building something new for 2027: immersive experiences for Free Press readers who want to continue the conversation trailside, poolside, or around a fire long after dessert. The Free Press Retreat will be an intimate long weekend built around big ideas, outdoor adventure, great meals, and the kinds of discussions that happen when curious people spend meaningful time together. Bring your spouse, your parents, your children—or come on your own. Free Press Excursions will take us farther afield: curated trips with Free Press writers and contributors exploring places that help explain the world we live in, from the battlefields of Gettysburg and Normandy to the Vatican in Rome. We’ll share more details this summer. If you’d like an early look when these experiences open for registration, show your interest here.**A Note to Our Subscribers** These new offerings exist because of our paying subscribers. If you’re already one: Thank you. You built this. And you keep us going. If you’ve been reading us for free and wondering whether to join, this is a very good time. For a short while only, we’re offering a rare 20 percent discount for you to join our community as a paid subscriber. You’ll unlock everything we publish, plus exclusive access to our members-only Forum, Supper Clubs, and more insider perks. Thinking for yourself shouldn’t mean thinking by yourself. See you there. —Bari
Hundreds of Marvel Rivals cheats named and shamed in "an immediate, targeted purge"
Played against someone in Marvel Rivals you think is cheating? Their name might be on this list.
Eating less meat can improve gut microbiome
I read about a study that says it's possible for someone who eats meat to have a gut that's as healthy as someone who is vegan. I know your gut microbiome is an important part of good health, but I'm just not cut out to be a vegan. I'd like to know more about that research.
Southeast Missouri Repeats as OVC Commissioner’s Cup Champions
Southeast Missouri State University has won the Ohio Valley Conference Commissioner's Cup for the 2025-26 school year the league office announced on Tuesday.
Trump’s advanced age and threats to his life serve as reminders of his own mortality
When President Donald Trump’s doctors release a summary of the physical exam he is scheduled to undergo Tuesday, the document is almost certain to conclude he remains in excellent health, if his previous assessments offer any indication.
Redistricting threats prompt big donations to MS Democratic Party
When Gov. Tate Reeves began to publicly weigh redistricting this year, political donors and committees across the country took notice.
What a neurologist eats in a day for better brain health
Brain atrophy tends to begin in your 30s and 40s, but certain lifestyle changes can slow or even reverse shrinkage.
More than just donuts: Walking tour launched of Santa Fe sweet treat shops
The Santa Fe Churros, Biscochitos & Sweet Treats Walking Tour covers half a mile and features several stops in the downtown area.
Advancing high-threat pathogen preparedness in WHO South-East Asia Region: 2025 in review
Effective preparedness for high-threat pathogens demands more than technical tools — it requires a coherent strategy, sustained country engagement, and the institutional infrastructure to translate evidence into action. In 2025, the Pandemic and Epidemic Management (PEM) Unit advanced all three, working across the full spectrum of high threat pathogen (HTP) preparedness: from methodology development and evidence generation to country-level technical support, emergency response, and regional workforce strengthening.At the core of the PEM unit's work is building the regional evidence and policy architecture needed to prioritize and respond to HTPs systematically. A major milestone was the development of the HTP Prioritization Methodology — a structured, multi-criteria approach to ranking pathogens by epidemic potential, severity, and national context — and its national pilot in Bangladesh, where SARS-CoV-2, Nipah, dengue, and cholera emerged as the highest-priority threats, informing the PEM unit's contribution to 2026–27 biennium prioritization and workplan development (Access link here).Underpinning this work, the PEM unit advanced the peer-reviewed evidence base for HTP preparedness in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), with three publications in international journals in 2025: Development of a zoonotic influenza distribution assessment and ranking system (ZIDAR): Technical application in Nepal to support cross-sectoral risk-based surveillance in One Health; Implications for influenza A virus surveillance in Southeast Asian Region countries: a scoping review of approaches for the surveillance of swine influenza viruses at human-swine interfaces in BMJ Public Health; and Operationalizing multisector partnerships: a Theory of Action and Reflection tool for zoonotic influenzas in Health Policy and Planning. Together, these contributions move the Region’s HTP preparedness agenda from practice to science — generating the transferable methodological foundations that will inform evidence-based capacity strengthening in Member States.Country-level engagement in 2025 reflected the breadth of contexts in which HTP preparedness must function. Technical support was provided for Mpox and cholera events across the Region, including coordination of cholera and acute watery diarrhea prevention and control in Myanmar in the wake of the March 2025 earthquake. In Myanmar, the PEM unit contributed technical leadership to the earthquake emergency response — one of the most complex humanitarian emergencies in the SEAR — as Health Operations and Technical Support lead within the Incident Management Support Team. This included strengthening emergency response planning, supporting operational and after-action reviews, and providing monitoring and evaluation support for both acute and protracted crisis response. The breadth of HTP support provided to emergency operations across the SEAR was documented in the PEM unit’s contribution to the regional report for the Health Security Interface Technical Advisory Group.In Sri Lanka, technical collaboration with the WHO Country Office and the Ministry of Health laid the groundwork for the National Steering Committee's 2026 annual meeting, development of Standard Operating Procedures for specialized emergency response, and a national training programme — all structured around evidence-based risk assessment for specialized hazards including HTPs.Across the SEAR, the unit contributed to strengthening the workforce architecture that underpins HTP response. Technical inputs shaped the WHO South-East Asia Regional Health Emergency Workforce Strategy 2025–2030, and the PEM unit supported conceptual development of the health emergency workforce framework for the Pandemic Fund Round 3 proposal.Alongside this, the unit's sustained engagement on the meningitis agenda culminated in the launch of the Regional Implementation Framework to Defeat Meningitis in South-East Asia by 2030 at the Seventy-eighth Session of the Regional Committee, ensuring the Region's priorities were reflected in the Global Technical Task Force and expanding the unit's HTP engagement beyond outbreak-prone zoonotic pathogens (Regional Implementation Framework to Defeat Meningitis in South-East Asia by 2030).Taken together, 2025 demonstrated that meaningful HTP preparedness is built incrementally — through methodology, engagement, and the steady accumulation of institutional capacity across Member States.Bangladesh piloted the HTP Prioritization Methodology and identified the highest-priority pathogens in the country context (Photo credit: WHO Country Office, Bangladesh).
US strikes southern Iran, including boats attempting to lay mines
U.S. Central Command said the strikes were designed "to protect our troops from threats posed by Iranian forces."
The rare Ebola outbreak is one danger. Attacks on healthcare workers are another
Health workers responding to a rapidly spreading outbreak of a rare type of Ebola in eastern Congo face two threats.
Exclusive: Trump admin shutting key US researchers out of global virus response talks, documents and sources reveal
Officials responsible for leading US research on infectious disease threats have been barred from speaking directly with the World Health Organization – effectively shutting them out of global discussions on virus outbreaks, according to documents and multiple sources who spoke to CNN.
Exclusive: Trump admin shutting key US researchers out of global virus response talks, documents and sources reveal
Officials responsible for leading US research on infectious disease threats have been barred from speaking directly with the World Health Organization – effectively shutting them out of global discussions on virus outbreaks, according to documents and multiple sources who spoke to CNN.
Tybee Marine Science Center offers free community day on Tuesday
Families can explore interactive coastal displays, hands-on learning experiences, treats and raffle prizes.
African countries can still get US funding for public health—if they cough up minerals and data first
New 'transactional' US global health agreements offer US aid for combatting HIV and other health threats in return for what critics say is expansive US access to resources.
The Bites and Boutiques of Bellevue's Historic Business District
Take a walk down Fairfield Avenue for vintage finds, sweet eats, and other gifts and goodies.